Quetzalcoatl is the god of time, winds and merchants, and all good things. However, this legend likely has a foundation in events that took place immediately prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. At some point, Quetzalcoatls sister Quetzalpetlatl or Xochiquetzal arrived. info)), in honorific form: Quetzalctzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Precious serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent". They brought spirits with them: Toltec Quetzalcoatl became Mayan Kukulcan. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days. After the Fourth Age was destroyed by floods, Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca helped Cihuacoatl create a brand-new Earth. He called his attendants and asked that his sister Quetzalpetlatl come to him. Whence come you? In Aztec culture, depictions of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic. Encyclopedia of World Mythology and Legend, Third Edition Written by Anthony S. Mercatante & James R. Dow Copyright 2009 by Anthony S. Mercatante, Quetzalcoatl means the plumed or feathered serpent.. Montezuma offering incense to Quetzalcoatl. He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. Quetzalcoatl ( Ketsarukoatoru), often referred to as Lucoa ( Rukoa), is a supporting character of Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon and a main protagonist of Kobayashi-san-chi no Maid Dragon: Lucoa wa Boku no xx Desu. Physical offerings include copal incense, feathers, Mexican chocolate, and shells. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Thus, the fifth sun is called Nahui Ollin, Four Movement, Naollin, the synthesis of the four elements through dynamic . Quetzalcatls defeat symbolized the downfall of the Classic theocracy. Required fields are marked *. Among the Aztecs, whose beliefs are the best-documented in the historical sources, Quetzalcoatl was related to gods of the wind, of the planet Venus, of the dawn, of merchants and of arts, crafts and knowledge. Omissions? The Aztec religion is a polytheistic and monistic pantheism in which the Nahua concept of teotl was construed as the supreme god Ometeotl, as well as a diverse pantheon of lesser gods and manifestations of nature. In the era following the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a number of records conflated Quetzalcoatl with Ce Acatl Topiltzin, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of Tollan. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[8] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. An architectural sculpture from Teotihuacan of Quetzalcoatl, the Plumed-Serpent god of Mesoamerican religion and mythology. (Image credit: Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia (INAH)/Sergio Gmez . Auh yn jquac molhuja eheca, mjtoa: teuhtli quaqualaca, ycoioca, tetecujca, tlatlaiooa, tlatlapitza, tlatlatzinj, motlatlaueltia. The first people were Cipactonal, a man, and Oxomuco, a woman. He left with all of the inhabitants of Tula. [30], He is also attributed with having brought the cacao plant from a sacred mountain to the Toltec people, teaching the women how to make traditional drinking chocolate.[31]. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The other brothers then filled the world with giants, who tore up the trees with their hands. For many years he ruled the city and at last began to build a very great temple. Really it was just alcohol, something which the ascetic, celibate Quetzalcoatl had never tasted. Tezcatlicopa transformed himself into a tiger and emerged from the waves, attacking and devouring the giants; then, passing to the nocturnal heavens, he became the constellation of the Great Bear. info)), in honorific form: Quetzalctzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Children born during 1 Reed were thought to be ill-fortuned, and the calendar foretold that all they gained in life would be taken by the wind (Sahagn, book III, chapter VIII). He said: We will give him a drink to dull his reason, and we will show him his own face in a mirror, and surely he will be lost. Then Tezcatlipoca brewed an intoxicating drink, the pulque, and taking a mirror he wrapped it in a rabbit skin and went to Quetzalcoatls house. Tezcatlipoca (the black and red are combined) was the wisest. Franciscans then equated the original Quetzalcoatl with Thomas and imagined that the Indians had long-awaited his return to take part once again in God's kingdom. Your email address will not be published. Yet another version says rival priests raped Quetzalpetlatl but blamed Quetzalcoatl. This image from the Codex Borgia (pic 9) shows Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli displaying the quincunx: five circles associated with Venus. Tezcatlipoca (the black and red are combined) was the wisest. Aspects of his myth were perceived as Christ-like. The popular religion tended to embrace the mythological and polytheistic aspects, and the Aztec Empire 's state religion sponsored . Quetzalcoatl and his tribe became famous. In the iconography of the classic period, Maya serpent imagery is also prevalent: a snake often appears as the embodiment of the sky itself, and a vision serpent is a shamanic helper presenting Maya kings with visions of the underworld. published on 01 August 2013. Historians debate to what degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god? In the Aztec ritual calendar, different deities were associated with the cycle-of-year names: Quetzalcoatl was tied to the year Ce Acatl (One Reed), which correlates to the year 1519. Quetzalcoatl looked at himself in the mirror and was pleased with the artifice. (Many academics conclude this passage implies incest.) He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. He never offered human victims, only snakes, birds, and butterflies. His names outside the Aztec cultural area include Kukulcn, Gucumatz and Votan. He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge. In a variant of the end of the legend, Quetzalcoatl departed on a raft toward the east, saying he would one day return. Images of serpents have been represented in Mesoamerican art since Olmec times, and we know that they are related to fertility and the earth. Quetzalcoatl was a bringer of knowledge, the inventor of books, and associated with the planet Venus. Not waiting for their decision, Tezcatlipoca transformed himself into a sun. Entwined in the annals of history, both god and historical figure became one. Since 1200 CE in Central Mexico, he was considered the god of learning, agriculture, science, and arts. The 1981 has a listed mintage of 30,500,000, and the 1982 with a mintage of 20,000,000. As the sun, Quetzalcoatl made the earth flourish, but Tezcatlipoca was merely biding his time. Alternatively, too drunk to actually engage in sex, they were also too drunk to recall their actions: Tezcatlipoca told them they had sex and they believed him. You may consider reciting a poem or singing a song about your friend, or playing some flute music. Colonial documentary sources from the Maya area frequently speak of the arrival of foreigners from the central Mexican plateau, often led by a man whose name translates as "Feathered Serpent". His people lived well. In the Legend of the Suns, their battles saw them topple each other as regents of individual worlds. (Restall 2001 p. 114)[full citation needed]. After some time Quetzalcoatl took a stick and with a blow of it knocked Tezcatlipoca from the sky into the waters. He then made himself the sun. Play over 265 million tracks for free on SoundCloud. Quetzalcatl became the god of the morning and evening star, and his temple was the centre of ceremonial life in Tula. According to another version, he embarked upon a raft made of snakes and disappeared beyond the eastern horizon. The cosmic battle between the two brothers has been interpreted as a dualistic opposition between creative and destructive forces (Taube, 1993, p82). Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. Quetzalcoatl slithers along the border. There is no question that the legend of Quetzalcoatl played a significant role in the colonial period. July 4, 2022 quetzalcoatl offeringsbritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington album: esperanto slang [album] track: 11 of 12 title: quetzalcoatl offering artist: captain planet label: bastard jazz recordings cat#: bjlp06 formats: digital digital release: 6th october 2014. The forehead he colored yellow, and, taking the feathers of the quetzal bird, he made a beard. According to Toltec myth, Quetzalcoatl with his brother Tezcatlipocahis sometime partner, rival, and alter egocreated this world. Much of the idea of Corts being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. [14] Feathered-serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. However sixteenth-century Franciscan missionaries were very taken with him. The first people were Cipactonal, a man, and Oxomuco, a woman. Flowers especially hyacinths, copal incense, seashells, chocolate, Cihuacoatl; Kolowisi; Oiwa; Malinalxochitl; Mictlantecuhtli; Tezcatlipoca; Xochiquetzal; Xolotl. The half sun created by Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli was a poor light for the world, and the four brothers came together to find a Go tell your master, he said to the servants, that I have come to show him his own flesh. What is this? asked Quetzalcoatl when the message was delivered. Guises: Ehcatl (Wind) / Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli (Venus), Xolotl (the dog twin or double of Quetzalcoatl), and the mythical human priest, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl.Emblem: A half-conch, symbol of creation.Active: The Feathered Serpent was represented as a deity in Mesoamerica from the Pre-classic period until the conquest in 1521.Favourite Colour: Blue and Black (Ehcatl) or Red and White pinstripe (Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli). Please note: Bird, Snake, Dog, Wind, Priest, Roadsweeper even Planet! [5] In the 17th century, Ixtlilxchitl, a descendant of Aztec royalty and historian of the Nahua people, wrote, "Quetzalcoatl, in its literal sense, means 'serpent of precious feathers', but in the allegorical sense, 'wisest of men'."[6]. Over the West presides the White Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, the god of light, justice, mercy and wind. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. Round monuments occur particularly often in Huastec territory. Latter-day Saint author Brant Gardner, after investigating the link between Quetzalcoatl and Jesus, concluded that the association amounts to nothing more than folklore. On a lone voyage, he went to find the bones of the dead in the underworld, known as Mictlan. At last he reached Tlapallan, and on the day he arrived he fell sick and died. How can a man remain among them filled as I am with foul sores, his face wrinkled and his aspect loathsome? Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. [14] In the Postclassic period (9001519AD), the worship of the feathered-serpent deity centred in the primary Mexican religious center of Cholula. A Patron of ManyThe Aztecs inherited the Toltec belief that Quetzalcoatl had a plethora of skills. [41] However, in 1892 one president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, John Taylor, wrote:[42]. means of adding another half to the sun. Go and ask him. But Tezcatlipoca said he would speak only with Quetzalcoatl. ( Public Domain ) Lakes of mercury, jewel-eyed figures, solid-jade masks, and necklaces beaded with human teeth. You have troubled yourself much. Xochiquetzal is the inventor of artistic crafts. The business-strike 5 Pesos featuring the stone head of Quetzalcoatl was a mass-production issue that was produced from 1980 until 1985. He ground the bones and mixed them with his blood, creating the first humans of the 5th (and current) sun. Quetzalcoatl then swept the earth with a violent tornado that destroyed all of the inhabitants except for a few who were changed into monkeys. Then, when Tezcatlipoca placed Tlaloc, the rain god, as the sun in the heavens, Quetzalcoatl poured a flood of fire upon the earth, drove Tlaloc from the sky, and placed in his stead, as sun, the goddess Chalchiutlicue, the Emerald Skirted, wife of Tlaloc. When she ruled as sun, the earth was flooded, and all humans were drowned again except for those who were changed into fishes. When those opposed to Quetzalcoatl did not succeed in their designs to rid themselves of his presence, they summoned Tezcatlipoca. Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec god of the sun and wind, air, and learning, wears around his neck the "wind breastplate" ehcaczcatl, "the spirally voluted wind jewel" made of a conch shell. When Spanish conquistador Hernn Corts arrived in the 16th century, the Aztecs believed that their hero had returned to them as he had promised, a belief that helped seal their doom. In another act as creator, Quetzalcoatl threw his semen at a rock and from it grew a bat that approached the fertility goddess Xochiquetzal (Quetzal Flower), biting her between the legs. Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent, precious serpent, precious twin) In Toltec mythology, wind god. I am not fit to rule this people. quetzalcoatl offerings. Discovered using Shazam, the music discovery app. Quetzalcatl ruled over the days that bore the name ehcatl (wind) and over the 18th 13-day series of the ritual calendar. He should leave Tula and go to live and die in the new home. His ashes rose into the sky and then his heart followed, becoming the morning star (see Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli). From her wound burst beautiful flowers that the bat took to the lord of the underworld, Mictlantecuhtli, who bathed them in the water of his subterranean rivers and perfumed the blossoms.Many other creation myths revolve around Quetzalcoatl, some including the creation of the maguey plant, and the discovery of corn (follow the link below). Quetzalcoatl gave her some of the medicine. They had a son, but there was no wife for him to marry, so the four gods made one out of the hair taken from the head of their divine mother, Zochiquetzal. Listen to Quetzalcoatl Offering by Captain Planet, 2,134 Shazams. This image from the sixteenth century Codex Borbonicus (pic 8, right) shows his conical hat made from the fur of an Ocelot. This view has been questioned by ethno-historians who argue that the Quetzalcoatl-Corts connection is not found in any document that was created independently of post-Conquest Spanish influence, and that there is little proof of a pre-Hispanic belief in Quetzalcoatl's return. Quetzalcoatl said that the heavens and the stars had already warned him that after four years he must leave, and he would therefore obey. A Shakespearean sonnet v a Nahua song-poem No-one surpassed the Mixtecs in the applied arts, Short introduction to Mexica/Aztec religion, Do you know the names of all the Aztec gods?, What happened to the Aztec gods after the Conquest? Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia" saw elements of Christianity in the pre-Columbian religions and therefore believed that Mesoamerica had been evangelized before, possibly by Thomas the Apostle, who, according to legend, had "gone to preach beyond the Ganges". Quetzalcoatl would permit no human offerings in his name. First they made fire, then half a sun, the heavens, the waters, and a great fish called Cipactli; from Cipactlis flesh they made the solid earth. ELEMENT Water Bird: Quetzal (Pharomachus mocinno) Creatures: Snakes, especially rattlesnakes; also now Quetzalcoatlus, the pterosaur named in his honor PLANET: Venus, the Morning Star SACRED SITES: His temple at Teotihuacn dates to the third century CE. [24] A fourth story narrates that Quetzalcoatl was born from Coatlicue, who already had four hundred children who formed the stars of the Milky Way. No accounts written by the Aztecs agree with Corts and his men, and Professor Felipe Fernndez-Armesto tells us why (follow the link below), This article was uploaded to the Mexicolore website on Aug 31st 2013, (Written/compiled by Julia Flood/Mexicolore). The worship of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl can be dated back to as early as 3rd Century C.E. Quetzalcoatl, however, divined the locus of the sunrise and proceeded to the east. He lived a life of fasting and prayer. Those bones he anointed with his own blood, giving birth to the men who inhabit the present universe. [20] Historian Enrique Florescano - also analyzing Teotihuacan iconography - argues that the Feathered Serpent was part of a triad of agricultural deities: The feathered serpent was furthermore connected to the planet Venus because of this planet's importance as a sign of the beginning of the rainy season. The first culture to use the symbol of a feathered serpent as an important religious and political symbol was that of Teotihuacan. The work was left to Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. There his attendants built a funeral pyre, and he threw himself into the flames. [15] Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernn Corts or Thomas the Apostleidentifications which have also become sources of a diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl.[16]. Those bones he anointed with his own blood, giving birth to the men who inhabit the present universe. It is also suggested that he was a son of Xochiquetzal and Mixcoatl. How can a man remain among them filled as I am with foul sores, his face wrinkled and his aspect loathsome? Creatures: Snakes, especially rattlesnakes; also now Quetzalcoatlus, the pterosaur named in his honor. The First London Nahuatl Study Day and Workshops. Some scholarship maintains the view that the Aztec Empire's fall may be attributed in part to the belief in Corts as the returning Quetzalcoatl, notably in works by David Carrasco (1982), H. B. Nicholson (2001 (1957)) and John Pohl (2016). Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl the RoadsweeperThe Aztecs believed that Quetzalcoatl was one of four creators made by the divine dual couple, Ometeotl. Welcome, youth. Depending on the version of the myth, this sister may be a celibate priestess. 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