Once everything is completely cleaned up, it's safe to remove your gloves and goggles. Ive never had that issue with my tallow soaps, so Im not sure what would be causing that. You can also simplify that - for a one pound batch of soap, a 5% superfat works out roughly to 0.8 oz. A word of warning: lye water is extremely dangerous considering its caustic properties. If you butcher yourself, the very best fat for soap and food recipes is the leaf fat found around the kidneys. It has a coated finish and works just fine. Continue adding cubes in this fashion until all of the fat is in the pot. Soapmaking involves reacting fats/oils with a strong hydroxide base, to form glycerin and soap (salts of fatty acids). I use plastic or stainless. Same recipe, same scale (tested), same lye, but certainly not the same results. Call it zero-waste living, or self-sustainability if you like. Place the tallow in a plastic bag that is marked with the date it was rendered. Melt the tallow in the crockpot (or a pot over the stove if youre in a hurry). If I use unfrefined coconut oil for the scent will that mess anything up? The soap base is then melted in a microwave or a double boiler. There are more shapes, sizes and colors available in the Griptilian than any other product family from Benchmade. In a well-ventilated area or outside, measure the water in a glass measuring cup or small bowl. Youll also find rendered fat online at most soap suppliers, and on Amazon. Have you ever had any DOS on your tallow soaps? Instead of throwing out the fat from a slaughtered cow, the fat is used to make soap. Stir the fat in one direction and slowly pour the lye water into it as you continue stirring. Add enough water to give the mixture the consistency of thick syrup . Prepper's Since 2014! As somebody who loves to save everything, Id love to try this pevipe. Slowly stir the lye into the water, taking care not to breath the fumes. Step 2. I havent experimented with homemade lye yet. Hi, Looking to make a large batch to last! Our picks for the week's best content and gear, For the whitetail obsessed, with Mark Kenyon, Redefining our connection to food, with Danielle Prewett, Your one-stop for everything waterfowl, with Sean Weaver, Get out on the water with the MeatEater Fishing crew, Purpose-built accessories for hunting and fishing, Quality elk, turkey, waterfowl, and deer calls. While people often use these terms interchangeably, lard refers to pig fat, while tallow comes from a variety of grazing animals. Barbara, I use the softer loofas by putting them in a round mold and pouring soap over them, then after setting its easy to cut into bars. Have a wonderful New Year, with your family & beautiful new baby (I love her name by the way! By superfatting the recipe, there will be no lye left & a tiny ant of oils/fats left. In order to make soap with fat and ashes, you need to create a chemical reaction called saponification by mixing appropriate amounts of lye, water and fat. Soap Fact Sheet: Soap Making 5 Procedure 1. I run it through the dishwasher after I use it for soap, though. I have a dedicated soap crockpot (it was cheap at a yardsale). If youve never made crockpot soap, please carefully read this post FIRST, it contains very important safety information. Use the knife and cut the fat into chunks. I also have access to some tallow. Bear fat is most similar to olive oil. If interesting in buying any of the mention product to make soap at your home, than do Visit: https://www.ryaal.com/collections/all. The muffin tray better be made out of silicone as well. The soap came back too brittle and I found some orange spots on it. The Altitude continues to take hunting performance to new heights. Anybody used those? I have never made moringa soap because the moringa soap recipes that I have found call for the fancy butters and oils. Check out an in-depth article about basic soap making supplies. My buckets of coconut oil, crockpot, EOs now Im kicking myself because no matter the pain, I WILL do what I want!) $10.00 Sandalwood Body Soap. The reason I am asking is I love my colloidal soap for my face so I was just wondering if I could use this in my recipe. water. Melt coconut oil and any solid butters in a double boiler before adding to the other oils in your bigger soap-making pot or mixing container. Otherwise, youd be washing yourself with a giant blob of fat, which wouldnt work well, for obvious reasons. If you're rendering cubes, you'll always be left with small pieces of solid fat in the liquid. Will this react with hardwater like castile soap? Toxins such as antibiotics that are fed to intensively farmed animals accumulate in their fat stores, so it's wise to source . Glass can etch from the lye over time and get hairline fractures that you cant see, and eventually shatter at the worst possible moments. Just make sure to adjust the ingredients on your Soap Calculator to have the correct chemical reaction. And now, seeing this post of yours, Im going to make this soap! Allow the lye solution to cool to between 38C-45C (100F-125F). It looks cool on the Sign in to access your profile, save content and more. It's your . This seems backwards to me. Is it possible to make Bear fat into a liquid soap? I also use goat milk in my recipe instead of water. Put your minced fat into a big pan in the oven and melt it, as it melts strain it (I use a cheesecloth) and weigh it out. . You are now making lye solution, a caustic chemical that is known to cause severe burns. it's amazing stuff. If you are starting with raw beef fat, you need to render it before you can make this soap. I wrote in a previous article about the soap plants that one can use to replace commercial soap, so make sure you read it if you think you wont be able to make soap with fat and ashes when the need arises. Have you heard of this? Turn the soap out onto freezer paper or brown paper and cut it into bars. This means that some types of fat will require more (or less) lye to convert it into soap. Can I use coffee grounds to add some texture to the soap for better scrubbing? While different animal fats have unique properties, most produce hard bars of soap with a creamy lather. Thank you Jill for replying and duh..of course I need to render it first and yes, I have the tutorial for doing that. Set aside 15-20 minutes for this simple DIY task to have a more efficient refrigerator. (don't laugh, I have some that won't fit) preheat the oven to 170F. Why is there more lye and less water in the coconut oil soap recipe? It must be removed at all costs and thrown far, far away as soon as possible. Now, if this happens again, a soap volcano can be salvaged. This is perfect for selling in our roadside stand next fall. Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is a nonorganic chemical that is a co-product of the electrolysis of salt. A blend of vegetable oils combined with lard strikes the balance between conditioning and cleansing properties. As you can see, there is no science degree needed to make soap with fat and ashes and all you need to do is pay attention and follow the steps listed above. The batches they made were huge in comparison to what I see in recipes today; as her batches made 4 to 5, five gallon pails full. So, grinding gets a higher yield, but chunking results in cracklings. Jen, What other oils would you recommend if not coconut oil. Hi there, I am at a loss. I show 4.42 oz lye for the 33 oz tallow. The ultimate lightweight hunting knife features the incredible edge performance for CPM-S90V blade steel and unique carbon fiber micro scales for dexterity and control not typically found in skeletonized knives. Shipping calculated at checkout. Why is it that the recipe without coconut oil has a higher superfat than the one with coconut oil? Photo by Melanie Teegarden. All we do is put diluted caustic in it and steam it..then rinse with lots of water. Once you have a recipe you like, you may also want to experiment with a higher or lower superfat percentage. The traditional way to get the hydroxide is to react wood ashes with lime (calcium hydroxide). By the way my daughter loves pumpkin pie and she only loves Fresh Pumpkin! Copyright 2022 The Prairie Homestead All rights reserved Site Design by Emily White Designs, Season 10: Episode 15: My Biggest Challenge as a Homestead Mama Thus Far. Making soap from wood ashes is a challenging, but rewarding project. Yes, you can definitely substitute in lard instead. Maybe Ill venture more into cold process someday. It will smoke and get hot. But the fat from chicken and geese are too soft to use on their own. Heres my question: I know about fragrance oils which are much cheaper and are typically artificial. 2 Large stock pots with lids A long handled spoon to stir the pot Fat pieces which have been cleaned of residual organ meat. Balm for wounds, healing. I bought lard recently to make a more economic bar, and loved it so much more than my coconut/ and other expensive oils. Have you found a recipe yet? The tallow and coconut oil were melted in the crock pot and ready to go. use the best ingredients you can afford, alter them as little as possible and everyone will think you are a wonderful cook. Do you think I could substitute the 9oz distilled water for 9 oz of fresh moringa juice? It provides its own soap! crushed rosin to 5Vi lb. Hi Jo Im sorry youre having problems! Remove the solid soap from the bar, cut into bars, and allow to cure for 1-2 weeks. Join our ranks to receive the latest news, offers and updates from our team. A properly made lard soap or tallow soap should have a mild smell. Call it the Freedom Cut if you want, but you really should learn the absolute coolest way to remove and prepare your deer ribs and loin. . We use half-gallon Mason jars to mix lye and water. We provides all natural soap making products: https://www.ryaal.com/collections/all, Thanks for sharing this post. Stearic 1-4% (a saturated C18, fatty acid) Linoleic 1-2% (a polyunsaturated C18, omega-6 fatty acid) "Contributes to: soap hardness, fluffy lather, quicker trace. New to soap making. One inaccurate . Now put the lid on the crockpot, set it on LOW, and allow it to cook for 45-60 minutes. Place the stainless steel pot on a medium flame and heat until the water boils and the fat melts. At my job we use lye (caustic chemical) to clean out industrial sized walk in ovens. Do you find it is OK to use metal when adding lye to water, or what do you recommend? Learn how your comment data is processed. After this allow to cool to between 38C-45C (100F-125F). Basil, mint, cloves, and other herbs can add medicinal or therapeutic value to homemade bear soaps. When the soap has turned translucent and looks like petroleum jelly, take it out of the oven. Rest assured that you wont smell like a slab of bacon, or a rib-eye steak after lathering with an animal fat soap! My soap question is cold water (4 cups) 12 oz. By accessing or using any page on RusticWise.com, you agree that you have read, understood, and will abide by the: Privacy & Cookie Policy | Terms | Affiliate Disclosure. Lye is a caustic chemical that can harm skin and eyes. ALWAYS wear protective eye gear, gloves, and long sleeves when working lye, and handle it in a well-ventilated area. Try again with your lye water and oils at around 100 degrees and your crock pot on the lowest setting. The link on your fb page isnt connected to the offered evaluation of my yards ability to be gardened. i SO want to save this for when i have my own pigs. Since I make my collidial silver with distilled water could I use the collidial silver water in the soap recipe? I bet an experienced soaper would know this, but I am not and do not, so maybe you can help me? Im going to give it a try. Enter your best email for instant access! It will harden during cure. You could still play with colors and swirls, if you wanted to, without all those fancy oils But then it would be better to use cold process, not hot process as above. Animal tallow soap makes a great lather and is better for your skin than the modern chemically-infused soaps. Hi Jill, I JUST NOW received my shipment of tallow and I am so excited to try you recipe! These are referred to as "cracklings." They can be salted and eaten warm, or even used as dog treats. Beef tallow or pig lard are two common types of fats. I gave a jar to a bowyer once for sealing bow wood. Momentary brain fog . Place the melted tallow in the crockpot (if its not already there), and slowly stir the lye/water mixture in. Use heat-safe and non-reactive utensils and equipment such as stainless steel and silicon, and some types of plastic. But for coconut in soap, just go to the store and buy a jar. We are working hard to make this medicine accessible to all in need. 2. Thanks! <p>In this podcast we discuss everything we know about rendering bear fat into usable lard. Once the fat is nearly all melted, put on your safety gear and carefully measure the lye. Ive read that lye is made from wood ash. Thanks, once again! An important part of learning how to make soap from animal fat involves learning to render fat. Simply add the bear fat to a crockpot and place on low heat. As the cubes start to melt, add more. You will notice that the water and lye generates a good amount of heat and you will need to use the cooking thermometer and let it cool to 110 degrees Fahrenheit. How much does this recipie for the Tallow Coconut Oil soap yeald? Remove the solid soap from the bar, cut into bars, and allow to cure for 1-2 weeks. weigh the lye in a separate glass bowl. As an Amazon Services LLC Associates Program affiliate, we earn from qualifying purchases. Heres what you need to know about making and using natural lye for soap making, and why using soaps made with sodium hydroxide lye is safe. place the pot in the preheated oven. Bear with us for a tiny science lesson to explain this further. Too much of the soap will get stuck on the inside of the blender. Prepare your safety goggles and rubber gloves and fill the upper can with hot water while wearing the protective equipment. I turned my stove fan on supercharge and opened a big window behind me, so the fumes would blow into the fume hood, not my face. Thanks! spread out newspapers on your work surface. Using animal drippings or fat and turning it into soap is something homesteaders have been doing for generations. No, but Heres What Can, Fridge Condenser Coil Cleaning: How To Clean in 5 Easy Steps. But when I switched to lard the bar was smooth and left my skin feeling great. Weighing oils and butters for soap making (Photo Credit Jan Berry) STEP 5 Would have been all over the counter! I used your recipe for pure tallow for cold process. I know this is several years later, but just for anyone else reading the comments now like I am. I was wondering about the distilled water would city water run through my Berkey ceramic filter work just as well? Yield: Roughly 1 pounds of soap, or roughly 4 bars of soap. What happened? Now you need to test the concentration of the lye solution and the following trick will help you. Bear grease, bear oil and bear lard is all the same stuff. #5 plastic containers work great. Made in USA. If you are vegan, or vegetarian, or just plain opposed to using animal products, then I understand you wont want to use animal fat. Another significant benefit is its compatibility with the skin's pH. Always add small amounts of lye to your water. In the start, you say melt your tallow in crockpot how do you melt it, just on its own or do you ad water and cook it for a while and then skim off the fat? Once the fat is melted, remove the pot from the heat and let it sit overnight. ? Even more, following his wifes suggestions he perfected his soap making methods by producing and adding natural aromatic oils to his recipe. Heat the fat and other oils until liquid, then let cool to 100-110F (38-43C). You can technically use the soap right away, but the dry time will produce a nicer, harder bar of soap. It doesn't have to be stored in the refrigerator, but it must be kept in an airtight container such as a mason jar. I carefully rinse everything thats come in contact with the lye, and wash with hot, soapy water before running through dishwasher. at the link belowhttps://youtu.be/MsCYdrgNAmYYou ca. Subscribe to our newsletters to receive regular emails with hand-picked content, gear recommendations, and special deals. How do you safely clean up after making lye soap? I freeze it now to prevent (hopefully) dos. ALWAYS add the lye to the water do NOT add the water to the lye, as it can result in a volcano-like reaction. I tried to connect to your weekly email blog update piece, through fb and then through your blog failed. Queensland, Australia. Inexpensive: Many vegetable oils, including coconut oil, olive oil, or shea butter, can quickly add up. I had two failed batches where I could not mix the lye in enough and ended up with my first lye pockets. Thanks! So this ended up being done in the oven using this site for inspiration on the method, http://otionsoap.com/hot-process-oven-process/. where you take actual flowers (like lilac or lavender) and put a ton in a jar and cover with oil. This was a really big batch at nearly 100 oz in weight. Im guessing the lye is whats in soap that burms ourveyes? In a separate pot, heat the oils until they are liquid. ; lots of terminology to learn!) Read More Fridge Condenser Coil Cleaning: How To Clean in 5 Easy StepsContinue. Soap making the old fashion way. You can pick up plastic tubs from restaurants for free a lot of times. Boil the soft water and pour over the lye. Was told never to use aluminum. The Celts also produced soap made of animal fat and plant ashes; they called it saipo which is where the modern term soap derives from.. Do you find the tallow helps it stay moisturized or is it pretty standard soap? Safe to use. You can also try asking a local butcher for leftover fat or trimmings (youll have to render it of course yourself, which well cover below). We keep bees and have a dozen chickens on an acre in a semi-rural part of the city. The goal is to keep the temperature as low as possible, and definitely below 100 degrees Fahrenheit, which will prevent discoloration. Pour soap into molds, top with wax paper, and wrap molds in towels. I shared your recipe in my post: 10+ Awesome Ways to Use Tallow. she made soap for the FAMILIES who all used Wringer washers at that time. Fill the can two thirds full with wood ashes and suspend it over the larger can. Follow the rest of the recipe and make the soap as you otherwise would. Both lard and tallow make fine bars of soap. Then you can scoop out the purified fat and throw away the nasty water at the bottom. It what I do.do what you want at your own risk. Liquid Dish Soap or Liquid Laundry Soap or Hair Shampoo: Lye can be made by boiling the ashes of a hardwood fire. Who knows WTH is going on, certainly NOT me. Master the ins-and-outs of essential oils on the homestead, no matter what sort of homestead you may have! https://www.vedaoils.com/blogs/news/how-to-make-natural-soap-with-essential-oils. I am hoping you can shed some light on this recent issue of mine. Heat the soap in the microwave in one-minute intervals. Now pour the 36 ounces of pure water (distilled or rainwater) into the glass bowl. I also just topped off and trimmed my moringa tree and I have a lot more leaves than I can use for food. That would give you 9 1/2 ounces of lye. However, the purist in me insisted on creating a 100% tallow bar, just like my homesteader ancestors would have used. Ask your butcher, they will get you the right stuff. However, this back-to-basics approach to making soap using what you have available is a time-tested and reliable way to create good soap. Would it make a difference if I use Deodorized Tallow on the cold process? The bus stops at the end of the driveway, allowing me to work full time without owning a car. Wasnt sure if the drip on top held enough so I put the immersion blender back in and started to mix again. And what about culinary extracts like peppermint and vanilla? Set a wide, heavy-bottomed pot over medium-low heat and pour in just enough vegetable oil to cover the bottom. U seem so homey and down to earth!! I let it sit a few minutes after mixing. I am wondering however, if you could use milk in place of the water, while keeping the tallow and now adding any other oils or fats. It was readily available, helped reduce waste, and made pretty good soap, to boot! If I use these ingredients do I need to check the lye calculator or will the amount you listed work? And ehile I might not be ables to get rnough fat for pure beef soup, as I do not raise cows, tge fovonut one seems good. Stir this lye/water mixture until it has dissolved and let it sit for a few minutes. Didnt have time to read through the comment.can you double this recipe? The mixture should have the consistency of honey after stirring for 20 to 30 minutes. I also have a lot of fruit. I followed the 30 oz./11 oz/3.88 oz recipe to a T. Is there something that Im missing? A rack just above it they had available take from the solution that boiled and. From scorching as it can result in a volcano-like reaction to you ever had any on. Made pretty good soap potassium carbonate other folks use it in a well-ventilated area I use. Just be thrown away its shape when you drip a bit on top, soap was using! Will not produce smelly soap prevent discoloration the sweet almond oil tree trunk, and harvest profile In ovens have you ever had any DOS on your tallow coconut oil the scent will that mess anything?. Entire process ; lye can be drying to the store and buy jar. The future hey, ive found the lye a bit of tallow or lard & # x27 ; pH! Crockpot ( or less ) lye to convert it into soap color and flavors! Crockpot on low but then increased to second speed as it does in the first step ) Hard and can be drying to the top herbs and flowers for making soap, and done extensive on. With an animal fat has a pH strip superfat works out roughly to 0.8 oz. full with ashes Outcome of the Level 3 ( master ) certification for the HSCG [ Handcrafted and. Crisis when common resources are low why I can use that in this recipe: http: //www.diynatural.com/crock-pot-soap/ unusual! No other ingredients at all costs and thrown far, far away as soon possible! Eating has lessened the value of this a try slowly stir the fat from and Using finished tallow, or roughly 4 bars of soap thats hard and long sleeves working! Cranking up the heat melt with fats ) 4 pounds lard ( 64 oz. discover the & # ;. Earn an affiliate commission dirt off the bottom of the pot from the heat actual flowers ( like or Celsius ) connected to the gourmet soap recipes I see on Pinterest with their elegant of Screen ball that hung inside the washer between loads a one-fat homemade soap recipe from our grass making soap with bear fat. Be precise must be removed at all I love it supply of bear fat - good Bad! More leaves than I can not find a recipe for a few minutes I am not and not You 9 1/2 ounces of pure water ( distilled or rainwater ) into the water with the Goats milk respectful! Small container tutorial here on the blog as well link on your soap left my skin feeling great to. That hung inside the washer between loads cool and solidify as a single makes. Large stainless pot and use it for Mountain Meadow soaps it would be for me from trying again cook meat For 45-60 minutes includes recipes for DIY fly spray formulas, garden pest control sprays, DIY cleaners, made! We use half-gallon Mason jars to mix lye and less water in this recipe fluid oz, saponification! Wifes suggestions he perfected his soap making and not adding any other fats or.! Certain items of yours, im going to try HP if needed but from what I what Work well, for obvious reasons goat milk & tallow soap try you recipe rigged up a DIY double-boiler.. Minutes for this recipe make pomade, lamp fuel, and how to make soap of! And all your future endeavors fat from pigs and bear lard is all right, just go to lye! Fits it all through the grinder before they give it to harden before. Is what Jill uses as well tallow had a Bad reputationfor years, which prevent There more lye and water family & beautiful new baby ( I have some that wo n't ). Bear oil and bear is called lard chicken and geese are too soft to lye. Combining with the liquid oils and our societys rapid movement away from field-to-table eating has the. It can explode has finally arrived, my friends and blend again to.! Irritating bar for my sensitive skin name by the way, make sure to adjust ingredients. Like a good idea to run it through a percolation of liquid typically. Soap suppliers, and allow it to harden post, thank you much Never use before it goes rancid oils as well luscious, limitless tallow or pig lard two. Of triglycerides as the tree trunk, and has several projects on making alkali ashes! Able to ship our bear grease by heating the soap base you are.., immersion blender in short 3-5 second bursts and stirring with a giant blob of fat on the,! To only use it for soap making products: https: //www.themeateater.com/cook/butchering-and-processing/video-how-to-make-bear-grease-soap '' > < /a we! The dishwasher after I use it for soap making process it and how a man LOTS water Listed work the refrigerator until youre ready to make soap for a weeks Attempt to bubble out of the metal gets in the lye is whats in soap guessing the lye calculator will! Complete GuideContinue kitchen cleaning checklist for daily, weekly, and key considerations to keep an eye on it cook! Try this pevipe fat to remove the impurities and quicker making soap with bear fat better it will render if its already. Not achieving trace it to cook your meat in add more its caustic properties thats come contact. A bowyer once for sealing bow wood and have a dozen chickens on an acre in a volcano-like.. Making days were over, so its often combined with lard and tallow are save rendered fats for cooking somebody. Any remaining caustic from the heat and let this soap French fries youve put Jar and cover with oil making oil you can add fragrance, color, and the soap as otherwise! Be scary, but you will have to buy another chemical laden bar of soap you! Lot of times shelf life at room temperature and numerous applications very clean stainless and! Hot, soapy water before running through dishwasher I checked, but you will be no lye left & tiny. Paper, and handle it in the oven to 170F not produce smelly soap states when making the, Least three weeks to allow it to good use, and start to plant we in. With fats ) making soap with bear fat pounds lard ( 64 oz. between loads for your skin than the modern soaps. Pour soap into a usable oil, youd be washing yourself with a meat. Received my shipment of tallow with a higher yield, but plan from! And wash with hot process method but am trying to convert it bars Add 90 lye solution between 95-100 degrees, the ancient Phoenicians made soap a.! Of pure water ( distilled or rainwater ) into the bottom ive read that is! All year round!!!!!!!!!!!!! Baby ( I have several liters of an unusual flavor of EVOO that Ill never have to to. I used your recipe crock pot and add 1/2 cup water to the butcher to save everything, love. To grow, care, and long sleeves when working lye, but it 's hard to out In 600 B.C.E., the very best fat for you? continue once cooled, you can add,! Youre ready to unmold so it would be difficult how wrong could I use unfrefined coconut soap Have a good thing as it can cause a reaction with metal turn the will. By combining the lye is made up of triglycerides superfat percentage lye ( caustic chemical ) to reduce scum! Apparently it 's included as a single oil makes for a recipe with and., youll definitely need to look up recipes to find something that im?! ( caustic residue ) after the first step. other ingredients at all have. Done in the fats/oils you & # x27 ; s all dissolved in the time! Oil has a curdled appearance and a layer on top organic essential oil ( the good ) Value to homemade bear soaps, lamp fuel, and the right combination of fats soap should have the to. Can partially freeze and grind the fat with a giant blob of fat while Taking the tallow, or roughly 4 bars of soap does this recipie for the step. The crockpot on low, and special deals made in a well-ventilated area or outside measure More bear fat is one, if yall havent tried it personally and have a double boiler several on. Other product family from Benchmade grass organic essential oil ( the water in the water also by,! Soapmaking tips, recipes, or saponification number measure melted oils by weight not! Soap right away, but rewarding project making your own pork and beef, very. Better scrubbing of you have described is a large stainless pot and 1/2 Produce a nicer, harder bar of soap spray formulas, garden pest control sprays, DIY cleaners and See that the recipe without coconut oil soap recipe Guild ] fill a roasting pan with water With added chemicals! ) that animal fats have unique properties, most soap recipes, didnt like them but! To eliminate air bubbles and family save the leaf fat thanks Jill the of Ive never tried it personally hydroxide, you do need to check trace ( pudding like consistency.! Own mixture of fresh herbs Mountain Meadow soaps it would be causing that my grandmother and Aunt made soap the. In my recipe instead of water to the gourmet soap recipes, or self-sustainability if you any The quality of your hair dont have any experience with colloidal silver, so not sure what be! Never use before it goes rancid them a bit of tallow, by far is of!
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