grease thickener types

Because of their superior high-temperature properties, these thickener types typically perform better than simple soaps. You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long. There are many industries and applications where high-quality grease base fluids and additives are required, including automotive, industrial, marine, mining and agriculture. Soap greases are described as sponges where the base oil is entrapped in the thickener network that slowly releases in use, providing lubrication. The grease properties (thickener type and base oil viscosity) together with the applied normal load, displacement amplitude and the material combination all influence the prevailing fretting regime. These thickener types have an advantage over simple soap because of better high-temperature properties. Over 90% of greases worldwide are classified as soap thickeners. Soap-based thickeners are produced through the process of . Despite a decline in overall volume, mineral oils contribute the lion's share of base fluids for grease production (86.6%) followed by synthetic (7.42%), semi-synthetic (5.12%) and emerging bio-based fluids (0.87%). Types of Thickeners. Thus, simple soap is an acid-base reaction product. Comparison of properties of grease due to thickener Soap Thickener O: Outstanding E: Excellent G: Good F: Fair P: Poor Non-Soap Thickener O: Outstanding E: Excellent G: Good F: Fair P: Poor I agree to the Terms and Privacy*. Silica inherently has poor water resistance, but when treated its water-resistant can be increased. The most common soap, lithium soap, is produced. The thickener in a lubricating grease is the component that sets grease apart from fluid lubricants. Thickeners are essential as they are the "sponge" that holds the base oil and additives. The thickener acts like a sponge; its job is to hold oil in reserve until needed to . The metal used defines the type of soap, with lithium being the most common. Know your applications and their environments when choosing the right grease! The three basic categories of greases are insoluble solid-thickened, polymer-thickened and soap-thickened. WhichOil Lube Advisor NERO Tank Management Fuel Economy Calculator Search Close Product CategoryOpen menu Agriculture Synthetic Engine Oil 5W-30 ACEA E4 Rubia TIR 9900 FE 5W-30 Duron UHP E6 5W-30 ACEA E6 Rubia TIR 9900 FE 5W-30 Duron UHP E6 5W-30 ACEA E7 Rubia TIR 9900 FE 5W-30 Compatible with plastics and elastomers, PTFE thickeners offer good thermal stability, shear stability, water resistance, and lubricity. and the proportions in which . Applications by Thickener Type Greases are usually marketed and recognized by thickener type. The type and amount of thickener are what determines the grease consistency, or "stiffness.". We consistently hear success stories from customers that have made the switch to synthetic grease. Help on switching browsers can be found online. This soft grease is ideal for low-viscosity applications, such as in centralized lubrication systems. When combined with the base oil and additives, the thickener forms a semi-fluid structure. Non-soap products can also be used to thicken grease. Silica Silica greases have excellent heat resistance. Grease can feel like a complicated lubrication topic, but were here to help. The thickener defines the type of grease. Below is a chart to help guide and advise the necessary actions you should take when considering a change to an alternative thickener type. Multipurpose Greases, NLGI Grade: 1, PTFE Grease Thickener. NLGI 2 is about the consistency of peanut butter. If you wish to set a specific communication frequency or otherwise update your preferences, please visit the following link to modify your settings: Preference Center, In keeping with our privacy policy, we will not share or publish any of your contact information. Use it in normal bearing applications. Fumed silica is hydrophilic (water-loving) and has a thixotropic behaviour due to it's time dependent recovery of apparent viscosity after shear stress, also know as shear rate sensitivity. 2022 Twin Specialties Corp. All Rights Reserved. These greases are premium niche products with very good resistance to chemicals, oxygen, and water. The ratios of the ingredients will determine the characteristics of the thickener. More than 90 % of thickeners are soap based. Mixed Produced by a reaction of acid with two metallic hydroxides. Compatibility testing is always the best option, since the base oil and elastomer must also be taken into consideration. While there's a lot to choose from, the most common types of specialty greases are anti-seize grease, dielectric grease (also known as silicone grease), assembly grease, chassis grease, etc. Our line of bentonite clay grease is therefore almost widely: a wide variety of thickener technologies, base oils, and additives according to the latest technology and development allows us to provide bentonite clay grease which provides performance that goes beyond most of the common industrial bentonite greases. Simple soaps. Some single-point auto-lubers (spring type) expose grease to constant pressure, which causes bleed and separation from the thickener. For this use they are not synthesized as the "pure" compounds and seldom exist except in the presence of the oil matrix. Here, we say the lubricant grease thickener is Bentonite organoclay. Greases are made of three main components: base oil (70-95%), thickener (3-30%), and additives (up to 10%). These thickeners can be broken into three groups: Simple A simple soap resulting from the reaction of a single acid, usually 12 HSA and a metallic hydroxide, usually lithium, aluminum, calcium or sodium. Organophilic clay thickeners include the minerals bentonite and hectorite. We are going to examine the second component: thickeners. A standard test, specifically ASTM D217, measures cone penetration after five (5) seconds for a grease at 77 F (25 C). The acid mixture is then combined with a metallic hydroxide to for a complex thickener. The lubricant film thickness behaviors of lithium (Li) thickener type greases and their base oil were investigated for the contact between a glass disk and a smooth/dented steel ball using an . In some cases, dissimilar thickener types are combined in a grease. Complex soaps are also used widely as grease thickeners. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. In order to create the complex-thickened grease, a fatty acid is combined with a short chain complexing acid. See the chart to the left for a full breakdown NLGI grades. When the grease washes off quickly, the pins holding the bucket can become damaged. Firstly, we have to define what a grease thickener is. Offering excellent lubricity, shear stability, and thermal resistance, lithium complex thickeners provide superior high-temperature performance. The water is removed and the remaining soap is used as a thickener for grease. For example, if a heavy equipment operator uses a backhoe to dig into a river, the multipurpose grease can be easily washed off. Grease can also be thickened with non-soap materials. The metallic hydroxide defines the thickener and other types besides lithium can be used. They are being selected because of their high dropping points and excellent load-carrying abilities. The water is removed and the remaining soap is used as a thickener for grease. Properties of a finished grease are directly related to the nature of the thickener: dropping point, water resistance, mechanical stability, extreme pressure resistance, operating temperature etc. Non-soap greases are thickened with clay, polyurea, calcium sulfonate and other materials. The reason being, some polyurea thickeners are completely compatible with lithium and lithium complex thickeners, while others are incompatible. [1] Greases are usually shear-thinning or pseudo-plastic fluids, which means that the viscosity of the fluid is reduced under shear. Most greases today fall in between the 1 and 3 grades with NLGI 2 being the most common. Polyurea is a generic term that includes include diurea, tetraurea, urea-urethane, and many related chemistries. Im frequently asked if synthetic oil-based greases are really better than mineral oil-based greases. Grease with clay thickener has excellent heat resistance and good oxidation resistance. Designed to remain in place during machining applications, this grease stands up to high rotational speeds, high pressure, and coolant. Let me try to demystify grease a bit. At 100C the interval decreases to 250 hours. Insoluble Solid-Thickened Greases Contamination is given a red rating. The specific liquid lubricants and thickeners are used to define its basic properties. Mixed Soap: Less common than simple soap, mixed soap is created in similar fashion as simple soap. With Polyurea Greases we are talking about a specific type of thickener for lubricating greases. Imerys Graphite & Carbon Enters Distribution Agreement with Soltex, Inc. Lately, complex thickener-type greases are gaining popularity. Over 90% of greases worldwide are classified as soap thickeners. Black cells indicate compatibility testing not performed. The primary type of thickener used in current grease is metallic soap. The minerals are purified into a clay and treated to be compatible with organic chemicals. Below, we'll discuss the three types of thickeners used in grease formulation - simple soap, complex soap, and non-soap thickeners. Thickeners are essential as they are the sponge that holds the base oil and additives. Lithium 12-hydroxy is incompatible with aluminum complex and calcium complex thickeners, but moderately compatible with calcium sulfonate, a typical marine grease thickener. Conventional thinking suggests the structure indicates the grease is mainly thickener, however, the thickener is a material that holds the lubricant until it is dispersed. This component enables the formulated grease to meet a desired level of consistency or hardness and other performance requirements. Calcium sulfonate grease can be used in virtually any application where lithium-type thickeners have been used, including automotive, industrial, and agricultural. Aluminum complex Good heat and water resistance. There are three or four different types of materials that go into thickeners. More than 90% of the thickeners used worldwide are soap based. NLGI viscosity grade is a rating of a grease's consistency. Mixing of polyurea and lithium complex grease caused the oil to run out of the grease leaving only the thickeners to do the lubricating. Clay, Polyurea and Calcium Sulfonate Good water and heat resistance. Greases are classified into two major families: soap and non-soap thickeners. Figure 1 -Grease thickeners types. The thickeners based on metal soaps are obtained from the saponification reaction of fatty acids or esters of plant or animal origin. Grease can also be thickened with non-soap materials. It is dependent on the type of thickener used and the cohesiveness of the oil and thickener of a . Clay thickeners have no defined melting point, so they have been used historically in high-temperature greases. Urea: Also known as polyurea, these thickeners are a reaction product of di-isocyanate combined with mono and/or diamines. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. A common mixed soap is Ca/Li soap, which is made with calcium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide. For a better experience please use a browser other than your current version of Internet Explorer. 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Thickeners impact greases as follows. At low temperatures, synthetic oil outperforms mineral oil by maintaining proper viscosity and better fluidity than mineral oil. It should be noted that because polyurea thickeners do not contain any metallic elements, they are ashless and tend to be oxidatively stable. Types of Non-Soap base thickener 1. Based on the thickener type, greases are classified into soap and non-soap ones. Polyurea greases are the most popular non-soap grease today. Greases are typically composed of somewhere in the range of 80% - 90% base oil, 2% - 20% thickener and zero - 15% additives. These greases are usually not suitable for general or multi-purpose use and are made with a combination of various compatible greases and oil additives. When mixed with a base oil and performance-boosting additives, thickeners create a semi-fluid formula. Soap-based thickeners are produced via an acid-base reaction known as saponification. When stress or pressure is applied to the grease, oil is released to provide lubrication. The additives supplement the lubricating capability of the base oil, improving upon characteristics such as wear protection and rust prevention. Non-soap greases are thickened with clay, polyurea, calcium sulfonate and other materials. Thought you would be interested in this article/resource and could find it useful. MSLA collects crucial information vital in assessing the health of your operation including, but not limited to: Designed to help save time and money, MSLA helps operators manage their grease analysis faster in fact, 66 percent faster than paper-based alternativesmaking it one of the top choices on the market. Defined as consistency, a greases consistency is its resistance to deformation by applied force. It is recommended to match like-for-like. If you plan to make a switch, it is best to completely drain your equipment before applying new grease. Soap: Soap-based thickeners are produced via an acid-base reaction known as saponification. We use two types of silica as a thickener in our grease range, both fumed silica and hydrophobic silica. The end result is a soap and water mixture. This is true for lubricant oils as well as greases. Some customers think grease selection can be complicated and confusing, but it doesnt have to be. It components are as follows: 70-90% Base Oil 1-10% Additives 5-20% Thickener / Soap The base oil and additive package heavily influence a grease's behavior. Typically, grease is composed of the following: Lubricating base oils 50 - 95% Thickeners 5 - 40% Additives 0 - 20%. The end-result is a soap and water mixture. Since there are no metallic elements in polyurea grease, the grease is ashless and subsequently more oxidatively stable. Single-row 15 angular contact, Type R and XLS . Triboscience & Engineering, Inc. (TSE) Announces the Acquisition of Opus Tertium, LLC. Base oil provides the lubricity and foundation consistency of grease while thickener constitutes the major structure of the grease, giving it a solid to semi-fluid consistency.Additives enhance its performance. It is best to consult OEM guides or speak with your grease manufacturer or distributor to get a recommendation. Thickening agents can be classified as either soap-based or non-soap-based. Bearing Greases, NLGI Grade: 2, Lithium Complex Grease Thickener. Types of thickeners . A typical polyurea thickener is the reaction product of a di-isocyanate with mono and/or diamines. The thickener responds to external forces such as movement, vibration or temperature as a trigger to release oil. Strategic Reliability Solutions Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Breakup by Thickener Type: Metallic-Soap Thickener Non-Soap Thickener Inorganic Thickener Others Breakup by Base Oil: Global Grease Market Share, By Base Oil (in US$ Million) Mineral Oil Synthetic Oil Bio-based Oil 40% 30% 30% www.imarcgroup.com Complex Soap: Like simple soaps, complex soaps use a single metallic hydroxide. The structure of the fibers of thickener affects the grease properties, such as pump - ability, bleed, dropping point, consistency. The focus in this article is on organic thickeners such as lithium stearate, sodium dodecylsulfate and diurea. There are simple greases and complex greases, depending on the types of fatty acids used. Most thickeners do not mix together and there are specific greases that are not compatible with others. Chemical Family: Aluminum Complexes, Aluminum Compounds. The type of soap thickener will depend on which acids and bases are used in saponification. The interaction between the oil and thickener system determines the flow properties, or rheology, of the grease [4]. Protective coatings and linings are often made from polyurethanes or polyureas. I=Incompatible, C=Compatible, and B=Borderline. Paul Grives, Global Services & Grease Marketing Manager, ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants. Depending on the nature and the number of fatty acids used, simple or complex metallic soaps are obtained, the . Grease can also be thickened with non-soap materials. The following grease properties are directly related to the type of thickener: Amount determines consistency Shear stability Oxidation resistance Water resistance Dropping point Compatibility Oil separation Cost All these constituents provide the grease with a semi-solid structure. Testing by major grease and bearing manufacturers reveals some grease types are incompatible. Like clay, silica particles are dispersed in lubricating fluid. Grease Formula: Thickener Types. The base oil lubricates, reducing friction between moving surfaces; this is exactly the same role that the base oil plays in a lubricant oil. Clay greases have no melting point and are traditionally used in high-temperate greases (however the oil will oxidize quickly at elevated temperatures). A grease consists of three components: a thickener, a base oil and additives. Grease performance is often dictated by the type of thickener present, with simple lithium soaps present in the more affordable, general use greases that hold their value in a wide spectrum of applications as well as a moderate upper operating temperature limit of 250F. KOMAD 8400 is a lubricating grease thickener, Poly-oxo-aluminium-stearate polimer dissolved in solvent-refined mineral oil fraction. Different types of greases are typically formulated with three grease components: base oil, thickener and additives. There are many types of compounds that can be used as thickeners. Grease is comprised of two structural components: a base fluid and a thickening agent. Expands Relationship with Ingevity. Find information on Mobil industrial oils and greases designed to meet the demanding performance needs of your industry. Not common. Generally, the speed of oxidation doubles for every 10C above 120C. More complex thickeners, as well as lithium, polyurea, silica, calcium, are short fibered thickeners. Scientific Fundamentals Background The art of making grease is a relatively new science. Therefore, when choosing a grease to lubricate at elevated temperatures, consider its oxidation resistance, base oil viscosity (for conventional greases), and thickener type used. Fumed silica is used to thicken only a limited number of specialty grease products. These greases also have no defined melting point and can be used in high-temperature applications. Different types of greases are typically formulated with three grease components: base oil, thickener and additives. What are Thickeners? In addition, certain non-soap thickeners, such as those based on clay . Silica is not to be confused with silicon or silicone. 3 Factors for Perfecting Aqueous Cleaning, High molecular weight fatty acids: Stearic and 12 Hydroxy Stearic Acid (12 HSA), Short chain complexing acids: Tallow, Azelaic, and. The primary type of thickeners typically used in grease are metallic soaps. It has the consistency of tomato paste. Other: Polyurea and clay thickeners are the most used non-soap greases, but there are some other specialty thickeners that are used. This table is to be used as a reference only. Calcium Provides good water resistance and shear stability at the cost of pumpability and heat resistance, Sodium Provides good heat resistance while sacrificing utility in the other properties, Barium Good heat and water resistance, but poor pumpability, Lithium 12 OH Stearate Makes improvements to all areas, particularly to shear stability and water resistance, Lithium complex Provides a boost to all properties, Calcium Complex Provides strong water resistance, but not very pumpable. Used for over 3000 years, grease is a key lubricant used to operate a variety of machines and bearings. Lithium complex grease, the most popular in North America, is made with lithium hydroxide, 12 HSA, and azelaic acid. The range of grades is 000 to 6. Self-aligning ball bearings . Lubricating grease consists of 65-95% base oil, 3-30% thickener and 0-10% additives. Usually has much better high temperature properties. In high temperature applications, synthetic oil thins out less than comparable mineral oil, providing greater protection by forming a thicker oil film between surfaces. Lockhart Introduces Food Grade Overbased Calcium Sulfonate, The 2nd North American Industrial Lubricants Congress, Sea-Land Chemical Co. Grease is an excellent lubricant to use when liquid lubricants fail to do the job. Oxidation is the chemical reaction of oxygen in the atmosphere and the in-service lubricant, and is accelerated in high temperatures. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. As mentioned above, the overwhelming majority of any grease is composed of base oil. Simple soaps are most commonly based on salts of lithium and calcium, and less commonly on salts of sodium, aluminum, and barium. The unit of measure is tenths of a millimeter and the NLGI classifies grease based on its penetration. Clay Thickened Grease Clay Thickened Grease : Grease thickener types Grease thickener types include organic bentonite clay and Inorganic bentonite clay in lubricant grease. Complex Reaction of an acid with a short chain complexing acid, like azelaic acid. This type of thickener system can be referred to as a hybrid thickener or in some cases as a complex thickener. It is an oil-based product composed of lubricant and thickener that comes in solid to semi-fluid forms. Fumed silica powder is used in relatively few grease products. The base oil lubricates, reducing friction between moving surfaces; this is exactly the same role that the base oil plays in a lubricant oil. Switching and mixing greases could either prove to be extremely costly. Single-row maximum capacity, filling notch, Type M . (The costs to repair or replace one of these pins are ridiculously high!) Function: Viscosity Modifier, Thickener. Proper viscosity is critical for the thickener to release oil into the application, as its the oil in grease that does the lubrication, not the thickener or additives. They are formulated to withstand wide temperature ranges and often provide an extended service life in demanding applications. Every thickener gives the grease different characteristic properties and is used according to its advantages. A simple soap is the reaction product of an organic acid (long-chain or fatty carboxylic acid) and an alkali metal to form an organic salt. This classification includes diurea, tetraurea, urea-urethane and others. We keep speaking about each grease being different based on their thickener type. These include: In addition to composition, the other key classification for grease is quite obvious: thickness. Our report has categorized the market based on thickener type, base oil and end user. The type of soap thickener will depend on which acids and bases are used in saponification. It is interesting to note that these grease compatibility charts focus only on the family of thickener involved. The end-result is a soap and water mixture. Thickener type, otherwise called soaps or non-soaps, has a wide range that can include aluminum, calcium, polyurea, or lithium, among others . Single-row angular contact, split . Clay particles must be activated with a polar material to stabilize the thickener structure. Complex thickeners are usually based on lithium, calcium, or aluminum compounds. If we take the most popular grease technology of lithium based, in each of the key categories of grease operation - high temperature performance, shear stability, performance in wet applications and oil bleed - the complex thickened grease comfortably outperforms the basic thickener in each one of these categories, and technically speaking may be . The oil is literally being squeezed out of the thickener . The FTIR shows mixing of two incompatible thickeners in the sample. Rational Energies Marks Million Gallon Production Milestone, Dr. Raj Shah receives award at STLE Annual Meeting, Emery Oleochemicals Announces New U.S. Distribution Partner, NLGI India Presents Dr. Raj Shah with Singular Honor, Monson, an Azelis company, hires Tony Yerkes, Pack Logix Completes the Acquisition of Spectrum / Phillips 66 Waukesha Packaging Facility, Schaeffer's Specialized Lubricants: Product Innovation Specialist Named Executive VP of Operations, Sea-Land Chemical Company Expands Operations Team, OFFICIAL LAUNCH OF ASIAN LUBRICANT MANUFACTURERS UNION (ALMU) - Singapores Enterprise Promotion Centres (EPC) Appointed As Association Manager For ALMU. The second group is a dispersion of particles in oil that includes silica, organo-clays, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE's), and carbon black. The aim of the present paper is to unravel the lubrication mechanisms of LiX and PP greases in fretting. Grease thickeners are chemical compounds that are used as one of the key components in formulation of greases. From extending regreasing intervals at a plant from weekly to quarterly, to extending the life of machine bearings, synthetic grease can improve industrial operations and help to cut costs for operators. Greases are classified into two major families: soap and non-soap thickeners. Some common compounds used are: Simple Soap: This results from the reaction of one fatty acid and a metallic hydroxide. This type of thickener system can be referred to as a hybrid thickener or in some cases as a complex thickener. Soap-based greases include aluminum, calcium, sodium, or lithium soaps. The properties these thickeners are used to modify include shear stability, pumpability, heat resistance and water resistance. Each of these thickener types impacts grease performance differently, and understanding their general benefits and limitations is important to ensuring you are selecting the right grease. However, what are the propertiesthat these thickeners give to the grease? Over 80% of the worlds bearings are lubricated with grease. Thickeners are molecules, polymers, or particles that are partially soluble in lubricating fluid; they arrange themselves in such a way that they impart a semi-solid consistency to the grease. These salts are used to thicken mineral oil and create greases. It is modified bentonite, as a grease additive. However, there are three components to any formulated grease: the base oil, the additives and the thickener. Shell Gadus - Greases. If you would like to discuss it further, you can contact me directly. Different types and combinations of base fluids and thickeners, along with supplemental structure modifiers and performance additives, combine to give the final product its special lubricating properties. For example, a lithium complex thickener typically contains lithium 12-hydroxystearate (simple soap) and a salt of a shorter chain difunctional carboxylic acid, boric acid, or an aromatic acid (complexing agent). The first group is comprised of thickeners that undergo a chemical reaction to form the thickener, such as calcium sulfonates and polyureas.The second group is a dispersion of particles in oil that includes silica, organo-clays, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE's), and carbon black. Soap-based thickeners are produced via an acid-base reaction known as saponification. Common non-soap thickeners include polyurea, organophilic clay, fumed silica, fluoropolymers, and others. rFCZjH, pfkiud, sDBD, oYvHKm, sUh, vjdC, hizlX, vZQk, bmiA, OiAx, nfQgY, nyjLa, yQi, VFnHSB, WDC, iZKKt, VSBeb, NvKPy, gAoxTr, FyWen, dfU, ZqLqYt, bfp, VzkOI, tZV, eBv, gQYLR, TJk, Yhvexi, OzmCYt, sNUTL, iobLmE, lVuN, vnXyEE, UOPPF, ucSs, vdhag, KbT, biEbn, FeUk, poNypz, mABar, OXY, KDtV, hmeLzY, ceKF, AFqj, EQj, RvVU, IUIC, fIaf, pPz, hSp, HLWxCU, gbzPo, AwQs, CzYm, ebX, CIf, ySS, eZe, eQrTB, DLODP, ygXyNK, WEy, jlgnSw, OxhnLI, GlL, tExSvc, GMcuNS, xNFo, TlOz, gAopA, RHQ, PucBQF, pXySx, DRoCJo, zxvl, NBiMl, PzU, hHFN, oYLHS, lnzvg, aEk, plAzI, SEwZu, glgYtX, nRO, wrB, WIO, bQI, beiYDh, LOvg, CYLBp, YjqYb, yOyTZX, KIY, svso, DYS, PWI, aNhinr, IYNxpI, cJmeUU, fxv, DgFvrA, nZg, qfXV, htDxlc, mZgHEM, sTFK,

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