Similarly, Foursquare Community Mobility Reports provides location data derived from U.S. foot traffic data, indicating the POI access frequency of people in different age groups through 32 categories of destinations (e.g. Mobile network operators can track people's locations in the Call Detailed Records (CDRs) that contain information about the time of the call and the cell tower to which mobile phones are connected when the call took place (Oliver et al. Public transit data comprise metro, train, and air flight datasets. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Another source to collect location data is the social media mobile apps (e.g. Without these cookies we cannot provide you with the service that you expect. The air flight data are useful in estimating the population flow both between and within countries and regions. Furthermore, index-based mobility data also involve multiple data sources for better data calibration and higher representativeness. the total number of people tapping their travel smart cards at a specific station) rather than individual passenger level, mainly due to data privacy concerns. Mobility-enabled devices include smartphones, shared mobility vehicles like shared bikes, scooters, and . 2020; Ni and Weng 2009; Belik, Geisel, and Brockmann 2011; Meloni et al. In this section, we summarized the three major applications of human mobility data in COVID-19 studies: (1) revealing spatiotemporal trends and patterns; (2) examining the association of human mobility with COVID-19; and (3) integrating the simulation and predictions of COVID-19 transmission. "China's technological development is rising to a new position at the forefront of the world. Google and Apple). As a result, the world will see more virtual and real mashup experiences, both in consumer situations and professional life, not only reinforcing the digital economy, but also merging with the "real" economy. Baidu Maps surpassed 200 million MAUs for the first time. Our AI models, trained with Baidus open-source deep learning platform PaddlePa Baidu at AAAI 2021: Multimodal Transformer, Supervised Quantum Learning, Early Detection of COVID-19 High-Risk Areas. Mobility data is a record of how populations and even machines exist and interact with the physical world around them. Similarly, Alibaba said advanced algorithms for homomorphic encryption, which enables calculations on data without decrypting it, will hit a critical point reducing the need for computing power to support the encryption. Baidu also released the Kaiwu 2.0 platform based on Baidu AI Cloud, designed to bring AI applications to propel industrial transformation, as well as Apollo RT6, Baidu's sixth generation fully autonomous vehicle with a detachable steering wheel. The "Polaris Program" of Baidu Research provides the most advanced and cutting-e Baidu Research Bolsters Capabilities with New Labs and World-renowned Appointment to Advisory Board. Not mentioned by Baidu Research but included in DAMO's list were the use of silicon photonic chips for high-speed data transmission and replacing electronic chips in computing, and soft-bodied robotics whose flexibility and enhanced perception could potentially change the course of manufacturing industry. Baidu CTO Haifeng Wang describes AI as a "key driving force of innovation and development," thanks to rapidly evolving core technologies, cross-domain connectivity, and expanding applications. 2020b; Wang, Liu, and Hu 2020; Hu et al. Connected Mobility Data Marketplace. Kaiwu 2.0 Empowers Industrial Transformation with AI. 2020; Huang et al. 2020b; Fathi-Kazerooni et al. This summary of evidence aims to help researchers familiarize themselves with these mobility datasets and select the appropriate data for their studies. How researchers can integrate different data sources to enhance human mobility applications in the COVID-19 pandemic and any future pandemics is a critical topic. Baidu owns the copyright of all the materials in this website. Some studies utilized historical air flight passenger data and flight tracking data retrieved from VariFlight, SABRE, and OpenSky Network to predict COVID-19 cases and to estimate airplane passengers number loss via different simulation scenarios (Zhuang et al. across and within a fare zone). The above mobility-based studies reveal some common findings contributing to the COVID-19 control and intervention as below. Please see the Warranty section below as we make no representation as to the suitability of these data for any purpose. 2019; Huang, Wang, and Li 2018; Lau et al. For example, the OpenSky-Network provides freely accessible airline flight data since 2019; however, it does not provide every global flight movement but only those ADS-B-equipped aircraft seen within the coverage (The OpenSky Network 2020). from 8 AM - 9 PM ET. 2018). There are six types of index-based mobility data commonly used in the current literature, and these are Cuebiq Mobility Index; Baidu Mobility Index; Descartes Lab Mobility Index; University of Maryland Mobility Metrics and Social Distancing Index (UMMI); Camber Systems Social Distancing Reporter (CSSDR) (Camber Systems 2020); and, Unacast Social Distancing Index. One of the mobility datasets most commonly used is Google Mobility Reports that provides the percentage change of place visit frequencies in six types of locations (workplaces, residential, parks, grocery and pharmacy, retail and recreation, and transit stations) compared to a pre-pandemic baseline value of mobility from 3 January to 6 February 2020 (Google LLC 2020). As of December 31, 2021, the Chinese search engine Baidu had about 45.5 thousand employees, with over half. Despite that these open-sourced human mobility datasets (usually big in nature) have established a venue where rapid monitoring/supervision of human movement with high spatiotemporal scales can be achieved, essential contextual information on these monitored travels is often missing, as such information is unlikely to be released due to privacy concerns. BMI also provides a series of indices at different spatial scales, including within-city mobility intensity, population inflow and outflow ratio, intensity inter/intra-provinces, and top 100 cities (Baidu Inc. 2020). 2022. We work extensively on predictive analytics, aiming to generate actionable and testable hypotheses based on large amounts of data and previous experiences. . (Foursquare Labs Inc. 2020). Although, a few efforts have been made to link Twitter-derived human mobility with COVID-19 cases. We summarized the mobility data usage in COVID-19 studies by reviewing recent publications on COVID-19 and human mobility from a data-oriented perspective. 2020b). Finally, Twitter data have been more commonly used in emotional analyses based on the text and keywords from the content of tweets but relatively less used to examine the relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 transmission (Porcher and Renault 2020; Xu et al. how to manage them. Iacus et al. For FY 2022, the expectation is for the search giant to generate revenues of $21.93B, which implies an annual year over year revenue growth rate of 13%. The site will offer more than 40,900 square feet of available space and the capacity for over 40,000 servers. Our data + Ai platform evolved into a collection of apps, SDKs, APIs and cloud services. Mobility data used in the recent COVID-19 studies are multi-source and multi-faceted in types, characteristics, and applications. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. For public transit data, air flight datasets are available at the global scale, while train data (e.g. Crude Oil Refined Products. 2013; Xu et al. If you're cool with that, hit Accept all Cookies. 3099067 (2022) Fine-scale heterogeneity in population density predicts wave dynamics in dengue epidemics BAIDU, INC. : Forcasts, revenue, earnings, analysts expectations, ratios for BAIDU, INC. Stock | BIDU | US0567521085 For index-based mobility data, Baidu Mobility Index only cover Mainland China from 1 January 2020 to 7 May 2020, and from 22 September 2020 to the present. In the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding human mobility spatial interaction patterns at different geographic scale has been critical for assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions. While most other data sources cover various countries, the BMI only covers Mainland China. (2020b) proposed a global multi-scale place connectivity index (PCI) based on spatial interactions among places revealed by geotagged tweets. The Change in Movement metric looks at how many people are moving around and compares this number to a baseline period that predates most social distancing measures. The model is able to analyze and automatically archive data in the field of aerospace, helping diagnose equipment failures and provide operation and maintenance recommendations, improving the efficiency of scientific research, and facilitating technological breakthroughs in deep space intelligent sensing, planning and control. . Baidu's ADSs. In the future, we will conduct a broader human mobility data review, combining both conventional small data and new big data. More data limitations regarding social media-derived mobility are discussed in Section 6.2. Such data can indicate connection and interaction across places under the restricted travel ban, and this information cannot be revealed by social activity mobility data. 2020; Aleta et al. "Government agencies, academia and the industry will collaborate more closely to build high-quality quantum devices and cultivate quantum technology talent, taking the first steps toward creating a quantum computing industry chain," Baidu Research predicted. Apollo RT6 will be put into operation in China in 2023 on Apollo Go, Baidu's autonomous ride-hailing service. We became the leading provider of mobility intelligence for smart cities. 2020b; Lau et al. For more information please see: Baidu service, this gnews post, and this blog post. Big data used to characterize urban vitality includes remote . "They will drive autonomously, act as both an intelligent assistant and loyal companion, and be self-learning." Mobility data used in the recent COVID-19 studies are multi-source and multi-faceted in types, characteristics, and applications. It is optimized through a normalization method to improve the accuracy of positioning data (Warren and Skillman 2020). This section describes some typical mobility datasets within each category and the methods used to generate such mobility datasets. As a result of the rapid, wide-reaching advances in sensing technologies, network coverage, large-scale computing infrastructures, and digital devices, a considerable variety of human mobility data has been collected, collated, and published. (2020) built up a spatiotemporal epidemiological prediction model integrating the cellular automata model in the spatial dimension with the SIR model in the temporal dimension to inform county-level COVID-19 risk in the US. The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges around the world. The passenger-level train data, however, are generally not available due to privacy and regulations, while aggregated datasets are available in some countries. Baidu World 2022 also saw the unveiling of three new products for Xiaodu, Baidu's smart home ecosystem: Xiaodu TIANTIAN Smart Fitness Mirror M30, Xiaodu Voice Alarm Clock and Xiaodu Large-screen Learning Tablet P20. Aggregated datasets of train and bus travel information are available in some countries, such as the U.S. and China. Please cite the appropriate agency, paper, and/or individual in publications and/or derivatives using these data, contact them regarding the legal use of these data, and remember to pass-forward any existing license/warranty/copyright information. 2020). 2020; Tobas 2020). But progress still requires relentless efforts and new paths for a better future driven by technology. Mobility studies at the aggregated level have more options in data sources, and an appropriate selection of aggregated data types is subject to the spatiotemporal scale. For instance, "intelligent scheduling using deep learning techniques could optimise scheduling policies across energy sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric." We summarized the mobility data from sources, categories, measures, and characteristics to estimations, applications, challenges, and future data usage of COVID-19 and other infectious disease modeling research. Due to the varying levels of accuracy and different spatial and temporal resolution of mobility datasets and other spatial data, integrating multiple data sources is a complex issue (Torre-Bastida et al. Already becoming widely implemented, Baidu Research thinks the technology should continue to improve by increasing qubits in scale and reducing or adapting to noise. For the COVID-19 pandemic, Huang et al. Additionally, a small volume of individual mobility data in less populated areas requires the addition of random spatiotemporal points to make such data unidentifiable (Zang and Bolot 2011; De Montjoye et al. Presented with unprecedented global challenges, the industry's engineRead . 2020), UMMI (Zhang et al. So far, Baidu has released more than 20 large-scale models specifically designed for application in industries such as energy, finance and biocomputing. First, policy interventions including lockdown, travel restrictions, social distancing, and border control have effectively reduced the transmission of COVID-19 in different geographic contexts (e.g. Liu et al. The COVID-19 pandemic specifically demands rapid and comprehensive monitoring of multi-faceted mobility dynamics. Designed for complex urban environments, the vehicle is 100% automotive-grade and has full redundancy throughout both hardware and autonomous driving software to ensure driving safety. Furthermore, more studies are needed to develop interactive geospatial web portals to allow researchers to query, extract, visualize, and share the derived human mobility data. China Mobile is providing Baidu with 1,388 high . For example, the connection of air flights from China to other countries can serve as an essential indicator to show how the virus may have spread outside of China (Lau et al. Q3 2022 Earnings Release (Projected) 08/30/22 | 09:00am : Interim 2022 Earnings Call: 08/30/22 | 05:55am : Interim 2022 Earnings Release: 06/27/22 | 10:00pm : Annual General Meeting: 2020; Ghader et al. The OD flow indicates if the mobility value/index provides inter/intra-region movement information. In the case study of New York City (NYC), researchers used the transit network & schedule from General Transit Feed Specification (GFTS) data, NYC Bridge Traffic Volumes data, and MTA Subway Turnstile Data (Gao et al. BEIJING, Jan. 25, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Baidu Research, a leading AI research lab initiated by Baidu, provides its forecast of top 10 tech trends for 2022. Discover historical prices for BIDU stock on Yahoo Finance. The risk is even higher when different mobility datasets are merged, even with every dataset being anonymized (Kondor et al. Baidu, Inc. May 26, 2022, 04:30 ET BEIJING, May 26, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Baidu, Inc. (NASDAQ: BIDU and HKEX: 9888) ("Baidu" or the "Company"), a leading AI company with strong Internet. Baidu is a leading AI company with strong Internet foundation, trading on the NASDAQ under "BIDU" and HKEX under "9888." The nature of person-to-person virus transmission of COVID-19 and the unprecedented global scale has led to the urgency of restricting human movement behaviors within and across national borders. As a result, researchers are offered more freedom to construct desirable mobility indices at various spatiotemporal scales. Due to its popularity in software and data management, many mobility data are published on GitHub, such as Descartes Lab Aggregated Mobility Index and Multiscale Dynamic Human Mobility Flow Dataset. The research arm takes a deeper look at its associated technologies. However, due to data privacy issues, it is difficult to collect such data on a large scale, and these data are less likely to be publicly available. Apart from the traditional sources (e.g. Surveys are typical sources of human mobility data. 2020), network applications, and epidemic control (Yang et al. Public transit system provides an easy way to extract origins and destinations from timetables of airflight, train, metro, and bus. 2020b; Fan et al. China, U.S., Italy), China, USA, Italy (by state, city, district), Available in countries where there is a booking website, Real-time data but without history data or sometimes web crawling needed, Detailed ridership data, at the station level, Zheng et al. To the best of our knowledge, there is no current review summarizing the human mobility data usage in recent COVID-19 studies. Lastly, SafeGraph. Three areas Baidu Research covered that Alibaba did not are autonomous driving, inclusivity, and the integration of quantum hardware and software. 2020; Pepe et al. Of course, AI will play a role as it infiltrates and replicates human senses and XR (extended reality) improves. According to America's Rental Housing 2022 report, rental housing demand came roaring back in the second year of the pandemic. (2020) estimated the daily and weekly dynamic OD population flows at three geographic scales: census tract, county, and state. There is a pressing need to review the human mobility data used in these studies to help researchers understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the pandemic and to propose a future research agenda that will aid the prevention and control of disease outbreaks. BEIJING, July 21, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Baidu, Inc. (NASDAQ:BIDUand HKEX: 9888), a leading AI company with strong Internet foundation, virtually hosted its annual flagship technology conference Baidu World 2022 today. It will focus on "New Energy Vehicles" (NEVs) for the China market, which includes fully-electric and plug-in hybrid models. For example, utilizing a Hadoop-based high-performance computing cluster coupled with a cube-based data storage model, Li et al. metropolitan areas); and restaurant type (e.g. At the same time, however, firms face . Email; . 2019). Each of these datasets consists of different variables and indices to distinguish people's movement activities as a response to social restriction policies. The message from Trend that linked directly to baidu.com, a Chinese company under the influence of the CCP, is an unacceptable breach of trust by Trend. The scheduled timetable data reflect the service capability and time, which can be potentially used to estimate the ridership and avenue if it is assumed to achieve the maximum service capability fully or proportionally (e.g. In contrast, Alphabet Inc's Waymo has orders of 20,002-40,300 per quarter . Our mission is to advance understanding of the principles and use of data science to solve important societal problems. Baidu. Baidu World 2022 featured numerous examples of how AI Cloud solutions have helped unlock new possibilities in traditional sectors including energy, manufacturing, public services, and agriculture. Who were the Trend developers who conducted this test? 2014). Owing to the active sharing characteristic, mobility records derived from social media only reflect the travel behaviors that users are willing to share. As for going green, Baidu painted a picture of AI equipment operating in a more sustainable manner. Centered on the theme of "Deepening AI innovation for social growth", the conference featured the debut of several of Baidu's latest AI technology achievements and the release of new world-leading products. Since the COVID-19 outbreak began, researchers have been using Facebook's anonymized, aggregated mobility data . 2013). In the U.S. studies, Cuebiq Mobility Index and UMMI have been utilized to explore the relationship between mobility and virus spread; however, other types of index-based mobility data were relatively less used (Zhang et al. Human mobility is characterized by its multi-faceted nature, which has been evidenced by many studies (Gonzalez, Hidalgo, and Barabasi 2008; Cui, Xie, and Liu 2018). This report explores the issues public authorities must address when establishing data-reporting mandates and policies. Human mobility data in the COVID-19 pand . https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.1952324, http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html, https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/data_ncov, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139052, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104999, https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000782, https://help.cuebiq.com/hc/en-us/articles/360041285051-Cuebiq-s-COVID-19-Mobility-Index-CMI-, https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.1886358, https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15997.1, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131469, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00884-x, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.31.20223776, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-020-00338-6, https://www.safegraph.com/covid-19-data-consortium, https://www.unacast.com/covid19/social-distancing-scoreboard, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.02.21249119, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, Worldwide, mostly for Europe and North America, Transit system / dataset in different countries (e.g. We also present challenges and future directions of using mobility data. Smartphone users can now interact with DuXiaoxiao via the Baidu App, the first step towards a future when personalized digital human service becomes commonplace. 24 Oct 2022. 2020c; Lamb, Kandula, and Shaman 2020; Levin et al. At the individual level, mobile phone positioning data or social media big data can be used to track individuals trajectories, daily activities, exercise routines, and travel behaviors. Other studies utilized airplane passenger itinerary data from IATA and Cirium to simulate the potential risk and geographic range of COVID-19 spread within and beyond China and to predict the number of international COVID-19 cases arriving in China. For more info and to customize your settings, hit forgetting to tap in/out) or due to the malfunction of collection devices (e.g. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Foursquare Mobility Reports cover only the U.S. and are available at the county and state level with a timeline starting from 1 January 2020. 2015; Martn et al. Beyond these traditional measures, a promising direction is to leverage differential privacy for privacy-preserving online analysis (Dwork and Roth 2014). How the automotive, mobility, and transportation industry embraced transformation in 2021 to drive resiliency and innovation into 2022 and beyond. 2020). Train and bus data are usually available at the state or city level, whereas metro/subway data may be available at more locally precise scales (e.g. , The Register Biting the hand that feeds IT, Copyright. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. In Shandong province's Shouguang county, one of the biggest vegetable supplying regions in China, Baidu AI Cloud has helped to achieve a 10% increase in vegetable cultivation yield. A few examples of such challenges include automated vehicle driving, environmental protection, improving human health and well-being, and improving education. One of the major challenges is to identify the items of incompliancy in a standard way. BAIDU, INC. company earnings calendar and analyst expectations - Upcoming and past events | Nasdaq: BIDU | Nasdaq. With remote sensing data, many classification systems are developed to detect different land use and land cover. 2020). The estimated number of employees at Baidu, as of June 30, 2014 was 40,500 The estimated number of Baidu users is the world 531 million Market Share Of Chinese Search Engine By Revenue The number of active monthly mobile Baidu search users is 500 million The number of mobile daily active users of the Baidu App is 70 million By investigating recent COVID-19 studies from a data-oriented view, our review contributes a comprehensive summary of human mobility open data condensed into data sources, index measures, characteristics, applications, challenges, and future research directions. 2020; Xiong et al. BMI is measured through gathering travel data based on more than 120 billion daily location requests from the Baidu Map app and other mobile phone apps that use Baidu's location services. Although they are not, in most cases, open-source data (thus, they are not in the scope of this study), they provide essential contextual information (e.g. Baidu's Intellectual Property statement may be found here. For fiscal year 2021, Baidu's total revenues jumped 16% year-on-year to $19.54bn. In the US, researchers estimated and shared the estimated daily dynamic OD population flows from SafeGraph at three geographic scales: census tract, county, and state (Kang et al. Otherwise, Baidu will pursue legal responsibility according to law. 2020). The output from the analysis needs to be vetted before releasing to researchers.
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