Major industries include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, manufacturing, energy, tourism and financial [70], In the financial year that ended in June 2020, the Kenya Revenue Authority collected a tax revenue that amounted to approximately US$15,000. Bangladesh has exported $800 million[108] worth of software, games, outsourcing and services to European countries, the United States, Canada, Russia and India by 30 June 2017. Moreover, many people recognize ICT's as catalysts for change; change in working conditions, handling and exchanging information, teaching methods, learning approaches, scientific research, and in accessing information. It is the strategic framework for delivering on Africas goal for inclusive and sustainable development and is a concrete manifestation of the pan-African drive for unity, self-determination, freedom, progress and collective prosperity pursued under Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance. A smart city is a technologically modern urban area that uses different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect specific data.Information gained from that data is used to manage assets, resources and services efficiently; in return, that data is used to improve operations across the city. [56], Bengal also had a large shipbuilding industry. In Kenya, the "Jua Kali" sector is another name for the informal economy, also described as non-farming self-employment. This book reports on deforestation, ozone depletion, global warming, and other matters concerning the global environment. Royal assent: After the bill has been passed, the presiding officer submits it to the monarch for royal assent. Guidance and regulation. Royal assent: the bill is passed with any amendments and becomes an act of parliament. Select committee: The select committee consists of people not only from the parliaments, but also the people who could be affected by the bill is passed into law. In 1895 they dominated the coastal strip, and by 1920 they had followed the interior trade routes all the way to the Buganda Kingdom. In theory, this allows the bill's provisions to be debated in detail, and for amendments to the original bill to also be introduced, debated, and agreed to. [90] This created widespread poverty and encouraged the conditions that would lead to dependency on foreign aid. The descriptive survey was adopted in analyzing the data collected for the study, while the generated hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using the t-test. A petroleum-fired plant on the coast, geothermal facilities at Olkaria (near Nairobi), and electricity imported from Uganda make up the balance. This also places due pressure on policymakers to improve business and regulatory regimes to enhance private capital flows, absorption and adaptation of technology, ICTs, artificial intelligence, and skills transfer to unleash private sector growth. [46] The lack of natural resources meant that East Pakistan was heavily dependent on imports, creating a balance of payments problem. [68], Resource degradation has reduced output from forestry. Formal theory. Role Of Government In Co-Operative Development. Watch to know which countries made it to the top ten. [19], As of September 2018, economic prospects were positive, with above 6% gross domestic product (GDP) growth expected. Development can be measured by economic or human factors. Role Of Government In Co-Operative Development. [63] Hundreds of road and railroad bridges had been destroyed or damaged, and rolling stock was inadequate and in poor repair. (ICT). Major investment in real estate by domestic and foreign-resident Bangladeshis has led to a massive building boom in Dhaka and Chittagong. Nationally owned and country-led sustainable development strategies will require resource mobilization and financing strategies. Pockets of collaboration offer hope for tackling global challenges, Five steps to get industries on track for net zero, Closing the gender gap for women could help economies out of crisis. In 2004, oil consumption was estimated at 55,000 barrels (8,700m3) a day. Select committee stage: The bill is considered by a Select Committee, which scrutinises the bill in detail and hears public submissions on the matter. Consideration (or report) stage: This takes place on the floor of the House, and is a further opportunity to amend the bill. [64] In June 2003 the IMF approved 3-year, $490-million plan as part of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) for Bangladesh that aimed to support the government's economic reform programme up to 2006. Passage: The bill is then sent to the other House (to the Senate, if it originated in the House of Representatives; to the House of Representatives, if it is a Senate bill), which may amend it. Frequent outages and high cost of power remain serious obstacles to economic activity. Of the teachers interviewed on the effectiveness of ICT in education majority of them felt that introduction and use of ICT adequately will be extremely effective in children's learning and achievement. The trade between Bengal and the Maldives, based on rice and cowry shells, was probably done on Arab-style baghlah ships. [57] Real wages and living standards in 18th-century Bengal were comparable to Britain, which in turn had the highest living standards in Europe. As a performance measure, ROI is used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or to compare the efficiencies of several The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. The economy of Bangladesh is characterised as a developing market economy. [98], According to the World Bank 2012 Kenya Economic Update, "Men are much more likely than women to hold wage jobs, and women are more likely to work on family farms. If the other House amends the bill, the bill and amendments are posted back to the original House for a further stage. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2022: groundwater: making the invisible visible Collectivit auteur : Programme mondial de lUNESCO pour lvaluation des ressources en eau ISBN : 978-92-3-100507-7 Collation : 225 pages : illustrations, maps Langue : Anglais Employment and labour force participation data from the World Bank, the UN, and the ILO vary and often under report on women's work due to unpaid labour and informal sector jobs. Bangladesh is also on the track to utilize the application of ICTs. Detailed guidance, regulations and rules If the bill is approved, it is put before a Committee of the House. The SDGs were set up in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly (UN-GA) and are intended to be achieved by 2030. [102], The economy's heavy dependence on rain-fed agriculture and the tourism sector leaves it vulnerable to cycles of boom and bust. Measurements of productivity are often expressed as a ratio of an aggregate output to a single input or an aggregate input used in a production process, i.e. Here's how, Europes green energy corridor plan: What you need to know about the global energy crisis this week. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2022: groundwater: making the invisible visible Collectivit auteur : Programme mondial de lUNESCO pour lvaluation des ressources en eau ISBN : 978-92-3-100507-7 Collation : 225 pages : illustrations, maps Langue : Anglais This paper is a mere attempt to present a glimpse of meaning of ICT, its importance & its mandatory need for education, which is indispensable. An influential sessional paper authored by Tom Mboya and Mwai Kibaki in 1965 stressed the need for Kenya to avoid both the capitalistic economy of the West and the communism of the East. The empty string is the special case where the sequence has length zero, so there are no symbols in the string. 5. Youth Essay Contest on Industrialization and Innovation in Africa. Ms. Doreen Apollos| Communication | Directorate of Information and Communication| African Union Commission | E-mailApollosD@africa-union.org, ASSEMBLY OF THE UNION These NGOs encourage women to rely on their own self-savings, rather than external funds provide women with increased decision-making and participation within the family and society. With global financial assets estimated at over $200 trillion, financing is available, but most of these resources are not being channeled towards sustainable development at the scale and speed necessary to achieve the SDGs and objectives of the Paris Agreement on climate change. First reading introduction stage: Any member, or member-in-charge of the bill seeks the leave of the house to introduce a bill. [46] As life expectancy increased, the limitations of land and the annual floods increasingly became constraints on economic growth. The US cap restricts growth in imports of Chinese textiles to 12.5 per cent next year and between 15 and 16 per cent in 2008. [34] While Europeans and Indians enjoyed strong economic growth between 1920 and 1963, Africans were deprived of their land, dehumanized and forced to work for minimal pay under extremely poor working conditions through a well-established system of racial segregation. [62], The British East India Company, that took complete control of Bengal in 1793 by abolishing Nizamat (local rule), chose to develop Calcutta, now the capital city of West Bengal, as their commercial and administrative center for the Company-held territories in South Asia. In 2010, after a new strike movement, nearly 1,000 people were injured among workers as a result of the repression. [109], The stock market capitalisation of the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh crossed $10 billion in November 2007 and the $30 billion mark in 2009, and US$50 billion in August 2010. The Summit is anticipated to unlock the evolution of a vibrant Pan-African enterprise and capital base that will unleash an inclusive and sustainable industrialisation pathway that carries along with the participation of all economic agents, including SMEs, youth, and women in the generation of national wealth and creation of jobs as well as expansion of entrepreneurship opportunities for Africas populations. Uses of ICTs in education are widespread and are continually growing worldwide. We link-up the best innovators to a growing network of experts and investors who can scale their venture and accelerate its impact. In the last 10 years of the Moi regime, the government was spending 94% of all its revenue on salaries and debt servicing to IMF, World Bank and other western countries. They are included in a UN-GA Resolution A vessel from Bengal, probably owned by the Sultan of Bengal, could accommodate three tribute missions- from Bengal, Brunei and Sumatra- and was evidently the only vessel capable of such a task. Merchants from around the world traded in the Bay of Bengal. [68], motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal In 2006, a series of fires killed 85 people and injured 207 others. Two of the four largest banks, the Kenya Commercial Bank and the National Bank of Kenya, are partially government-owned, and the others, Barclays Bank and Standard Chartered, are majority foreign-owned. The Senate's rejection is absolute. [58], During the Mughal era, the most important centre of cotton production was Bengal, particularly around its capital city of Dhaka, leading to muslin being called "daka" in distant markets such as Central Asia. Agenda 2063 is the blueprint and master plan for transforming Africa into the global powerhouse of the future. [64] Foreign reserves dropped markedly in 2001 but stabilised in the US$3 to US$4 billion range (or about 3 months' import cover). They are introduced and read a first time, and then are dropped from the Order Paper. [46] As early as the thirteenth century, the region was developing as an agrarian economy. An important innovation in shipbuilding was the introduction of a flushed deck design in Bengal rice ships, resulting in hulls that were stronger and less prone to leak than the structurally weak hulls of traditional European ships built with a stepped deck design. [98] Of these, 3.8M were women and 2.7M were men. Since independence, Kenya has received both substantial foreign investment and significant amounts of development aid. The original method was based on the regnal year (or years) in which the relevant parliamentary session met. Smaller purchases involved shell currency. The economic areas targeted are tourism, agriculture, wholesale/retail trade, manufacturing, IT-enabled services, and financial services.[60]. [120] The labour-intensive process of ship breaking for scrap has developed to the point where it now meets most of Bangladesh's domestic steel needs. However the rate of GDP growth declined to 4.2% per year in the 1980s, and 2.2% a year in the 1990s. In 2005, the combined value of these commodities was US$1,150 million, about 10 times the value of Kenya's third most valuable export, coffee. The most common example is the (aggregate) labour productivity News stories, speeches, letters and notices. In 2006, the current account balance as a percentage of gross domestic product was 4.2. At the fiscal year 2018, Bangladesh has been able to garner US$36.67 billion export earnings by exporting manufactured goods, of which, 83.49 percent has come from the apparel manufacturing sector. It is classified among the Next Eleven emerging market middle income economies and as a frontier market.In the first quarter of 2019, Bangladesh's was the world's seventh fastest-growing economy with a Kenya hosts a large number of foreign multinational companies, as well as international organizations such as United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and many other non-governmental organizations. The government of Bangladesh is trying to play her role since its inception. Since AGOA took effect in 2000, Kenya's clothing sales to the United States increased from US$44 million to US$270M in 2006. The Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) uses police forces to crack down. The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. Increased levels of insecurity brought on from terrorism has become one of the largest impediments to sustainable growth. Kenyans pay some 16 bribes a month, for two in every three encounters with public officials, even though 23% of them live on less than US$1 per day. All goods produced in the zones are able to be exported duty-free, in addition to which Bangladesh benefits from the Generalised System of Preferences in US, European and Japanese markets and is also endowed with Most Favoured Nation status from the United States. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. This paper is a mere attempt to present a glimpse of meaning of ICT, its importance & its mandatory need for education, which is indispensable. Third stage, commonly referred to as the Committee Stage. Journalists are advised to register through the following link: The media are required to register for accreditation. The education system of Bangladesh is broadly divided into three stages. News. The first Constitutional Act was the Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities in the Republic of Croatia, which on the recommendation of the Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia was international community's precondition for the recognition of Croatian independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Fazlul Hoque told reporters, after the Conversely, many of the SDGs are addressing the core drivers of climate change. Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. [49] Historian Rila Mukherjee wrote that ports in Bengal may have been entrepots, importing goods and re-exporting them to China. The majority of this is contributed by the soda ash operation at Lake Magadi in south-central Kenya. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements, and petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill. [63] External markets for jute had been lost because of the instability of supply and the increasing popularity of synthetic substitutes. Many of Kenya's problems relating to the export of goods are believed by economists to be caused by the fact that Kenya's exports are inexpensive items that do not bring substantial amounts of money into the country. There are two types of bill and Act, public and private. It alsoaimsto inspireAfrican society to learn from the young minds and to think about how each of them can make a difference in our continents future. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on almost all sectors of the economy, inter alia, most notably, it has caused a reduction of exports by 16.93 percent, and imports by 17 percent in the FY2019-20. Multi-stakeholder partnerships have been recognized as an important component of strategies that seek to mobilize all stakeholders around the new agenda. [68], Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) gave a boost to manufacturing. [54] Real GDP growth (annualised) was 5.7% in Q1 of 2018, 6.0% in Q2 2018 and 6.2% in Q3 2018. #ForPeopleForPlanet. "Informal economic activity in Kenya: benefits and drawbacks. A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda. Bangladesh's information technology sector is growing example of what can be achieved after the current government's relentless effort to create a skilled workforce in ICT sector. All the sectors of a country like, education, health, agriculture, business, travel, transport, industry etc. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, buildings and The public debt level is thus 51% of GDP as of 2019. 3 Economy", "Kenyan tech startups scoop half of Africa's funding in six months of 2018", "Doing Business in Kenya - World Bank Group", "The Periplus of the Erythran sea; travel and trade in the Indian Ocean", "ZANG HE LIVED FOR ONE YEAR IN KENYA IN 1417", "The History of the Vasco da Gama Pillar", "The Portuguese in Africa in the 19th Century", "Construction of the Kenya-Uganda Railway", "Racial Discrimination In Kenya During the Colonial Period", "Sessional-Paper-No-10(1965) African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya", "Sessional-Paper-No-10 (1965) African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya pg 16,Relationship With Other Countries", "The African Lions: Kenya country case study", "The effects of import-substitution: the case of Kenya's manufacturing sector", "Conditions for economic growth have improved in Kenya, but challenges remain", "Kenya's Trade Liberalization of the 1980s and 1990s:Policies, Impacts, and Implications", "Nairobi halts IMF and World Bank reforms", "Kenya: World Bank, IMF Suspend Financial Aid to Kenya", "ECONOMIC RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR WEALTH AND EMPLOYMENT CREATION 2003 - 2007", "The Impact of Election (2007/2008) Violence on Kenya's Economy: Lessons Learned? ", KenInvest supports small businesses to become engines of growth in Kenya | dandc.eu, "Kenya Economic Update:Kenya's Economy Poised to Rebound in 2018 and Remain Robust through 2020", "The Draft 2019 Budget Policy Statement Note", http://www.vision2030.go.ke/index.php/pillars, http://www.vision2030.go.ke/index.php/pillars/index/social, http://www.vision2030.go.ke/index.php/pillars/index/political, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11103008, "Central Bank of Kenya Set To Release Details of New Look Currency This Week", http://www.pwc.com/ke/en/pdf/kenya-budget-2012-revenue-and-expenditure-highlights.pdf, "ANNUAL REVENUE PERFORMANCE FY 2019/2020 - KRA", "EFFECT OF PUBLIC DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA", "Where Will Our Money Go?Guide for Members of Parliament 2002", "ANNUAL PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT REPORT 2005", "ANNUAL PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT REPORT 2011", "ANNUAL PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT REPORT,2020", "Budget Speech for the Fiscal Year 2010/2011", https://web.archive.org/web/20120405063226/http://www.economicstimulus.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=102&Itemid=226, "IFMIS re-engineered to revitalize public financial management", "CMA's investor compensation fund shrinks", A CASE STUDY OF AID EFFECTIVENESS IN KENYA, "Accounting firms bag Sh180m from State contracts", "Home - Anant Bhatt LLP - Audit I Tax I Advisory I Insolvency", "B C Patel & Co. Certified Public Accountants and Strategic Advisors", "Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)". GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living A bill may pass backward and forward several times at this stage, as each House amends or rejects changes proposed by the other. Major industries include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, manufacturing, energy, tourism and financial Official amount of disbursement yet undisclosed. [45] As a result, the IMF suspended lending for three years, and the World Bank also put a $90 million structural adjustment credit on hold. Bangladesh has made significant strides in its economic sector performance since independence in 1971. the Deputy Chairperson On behalf of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission at the Opening of the 73rd Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Speech by H.E. In the United Kingdom Parliament, each bill passes through the following stages: In the Scottish Parliament,[9] bills pass through the following stages: There are special procedures for emergency bills, member's bills (similar to private member's bills in the UK Parliament), committee bills, and private bills. [58][59], The economic pillar seeks to consistently achieve economic growth averaging more than 10% for 23 years beginning in the year 2007. These include detailed underlying measures that rely on double-entry accounting.By design, such accounting makes the totals on both sides of an account equal even though they each measure different If the bill is approved, it is passed to the Governor-General for royal assent. And the political, technological and financial solutions are within reach. Norequestswillbeconsideredafterthisdate. The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. The UNSecretary-Generalcalled on all sectors of society to mobilize for a decade of action on three levels:global actionto secure greater leadership, more resources and smarter solutions for the Sustainable Development Goals;local actionembedding the needed transitions in the policies, budgets, institutions and regulatory frameworks of governments, cities and local authorities; andpeople action, including by youth, civil society, the media, the private sector, unions, academia and other stakeholders, to generate an unstoppable movement pushing for the required transformations. Return on investment (ROI) or return on costs (ROC) is a ratio between net income (over a period) and investment (costs resulting from an investment of some resources at a point in time). D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to climate change, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Bangladesh's information technology sector, Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority, Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce & Industries, List of the largest trading partners of Bangladesh, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019", " , , ", "Download World Economic Outlook database: October 2022", "Agriculture, forestry, fishing, value added (% of GDP)", Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bangladesh (Final) 2019-20, "Poverty Data: Bangladesh; Asian Development Bank", "Freeing the poor from poverty and hunger", "The international poverty line has just been raised to $1.90 a day, but global poverty is basically unchanged. It has also developed self-sufficient industries in pharmaceuticals, steel and food processing. This restricts the amount of credit that women entrepreneurs might otherwise use to enter either the formal or informal sector. Its new version was an initial precondition for the beginning of the European Union accession process of Croatia. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Chinese accounts point to Bengali ships being prominent in Southeast Asian waters. The state-owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), established in 1997 under the name Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of electricity, while the Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC)[92] handles transmission and distribution. The essay contest is organized by the African Union Commission as an activity within the preparation for the upcoming African Union Summit on Industrialization and Economic Diversification, scheduled to be held in Niger, in November 2022. [23] Compared to its neighbors, Kenya has a well-developed social and physical infrastructure. There will be approximately 300 indicators for all the targets. Africas Industrial Revolution: Industrial policy set to shift from the business, Private Sector Development, Investments and Resource Mobilization, Committee of Director Generals of National Statistics Office (CoDG), Conference of African Ministers responsible for Civil Registration, STC on Finances, Monetary Affairs, Economic Planning and Integration, The African Continental Free Trade Area - Rules of Origin Manual, Draft Compiled Annexes on the Establishment of the Continental Free Trade Area, Illicit Financial Flows: Report of the High Level Panel on Illicit Financial Flows from Africa, Factsheet: Mobilizing Africas Workforce for Development, Factsheet: Interfaith Dialogue on Violent Extremism (iDove), Remarks by Commissioner for Political Affairs, Peace and Security at the Inaugural Lessons Learned Forum on African Union Peace Support Operations and the African Standby Force, Opening Remarks by H.E. , mustard importance of ict in economic development pdf onions, and in the global agenda of education and lack of natural meant Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering ( IJARSE ) growth, social, cloth! 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