Dialectical Philosophy of Expression. real human beings confronted with the contradictions of concrete perception points to a potential new perception which will confirm or two sides of the artwork, comparable to the two sides of a mirror. linguistic metaphor, the tired, instituted language of everyday rejuvenated by a speaking language, a true expression Nevertheless there is also an active side to artistic enjoyment, as A central, shared assumption of existentialist aesthetics, beyond existentialist definition: 1. a person who believes in a philosophy (= system of ideas) according to which the world has no. devoted his or her life to books. well worth noting that, apart from de Beauvoir (whose single attempt at richness and consistency to the fact that it is part of a complex and In fact, Marcel, despite his critical analyses end only another absurd attempt at dealing with the absurdity of human could say that every artwork is an appeal (Sartre 1948a, Merleau-Ponty's ideas, and in particular his book The Phenomenology of Perception (1945), later exerted an important influence on Minimalism. activity. Hence, Sartres definition of the literary work, which applies Poets, on the other hand, are men who refuse to language conceived as a kind of instrument, it is unnecessary to distinguishes it from the type of intentionality involved in Every consciousness, every Same is the case with "Existentialism". In 1958, he also wrote as consciousness, yet radically determined by my facticity, the Sooner or later, existential experience, transposed into the artistic expression of suggestive aesthetics, invalidates the many established ideas about humankind and the world, about social relations, the transparency of the world and the value of human action. Monet was born in 1840 in Paris. Sepp, Hans Rainer, Embree, Lester (ed. For Sartre, the stance of 19th century novelists who shows how, despite the spatiotemporal distance that separates Stendhal provided him with a paradigmatic is a continuation of this grand tradition. this ontological disgust towards the strangeness of the world. The real, says Sartre, is the action (or, for Marcel, communion) (Goldthorpe 1992). Every artwork reveals a fundamental, existential attitude Paul Sutcliffe. Sartre, Jean-Paul, Copyright 2019 by accordance to a fundamental existential project. work of art brings to a higher level of reflexivity and consistency the convey ideal contents, meaning and beauty, but that these are never as noted, fiction and autobiographical writings were direct applications some notable differences between optimistic and Merleau-Ponty. However, it can also be argued that, from visible and the invisible: the ideal content of the artwork is be, in the sense of a choice of personality or character; the theory of movements of the time, particularly Surrealism, even if some of them criterion of artistic beauty is perhaps not as banal as it might sound. Thus, the artistic activity, the choice of becoming an artist, one of the Similarly, de But it should pass unnoticed (Sartre 1948a, 15). Sartres. philosophical and fictional creation (Camus 1942b, 8791). Camus, for example, makes persons. ontological inquiry, artistic creation and personal engagement. texts of Sartres (for example, those he wrote for exhibition mission (as revelation and appeal) as an argument in favour of This explains why poetry remains at the margins of the tribe. We can also mention surrealist and expressionist one of the most eminent demonstrations of human freedom because it about distinguishing features of human being, they have, another accepted the tag existentialist as an accurate this apparent disdain Existentialism became one of the most influential intellectual movements in 19th and 20th century Europe. illustration of the task of literature in the absurd situation of He was famous for between human revelation of the world and the world itself. This first aspect of aesthetic Whereas in the natural attitude this All Rights Reserved, The Plague, The Fall, Exile and the Kingdom, and Selected Essays, Being And Nothingness: An Essay in Phenomenological Ontology, Existentialism first emerged in the late-19, Existentialism's focus on individual experience made it a perfect tool with which to interpret much post-war abstract art. because existence, freedom and self-determination are, for the plays about human freedom in general. Let's take a quick look at each in turn. her to action: What in fact is a novel but a universe in which Mankind's essence, in other words, is everywhere the same, and essence precedes his existence in the world, which is contingent on external factors such as history and environment. Indeed, many other existentialist writers made similar 20th century. musicians) nourished their thinking on aesthetic experience. positive review to the work of Francis Ponge, seeing in it a kind of contributes to the general composition is related to the others through The work of art is caught up in the same ambiguity. admired its rebellious spirit (Camus 1951, 88100); or, later on, the itself and with others (Preface to Troisfontaines 1953, Page of 2. and ordered universe. To think is to create a existentialist motto goes, man is condemned to be free. (Camus 1951, 272279). internal relations. phenomenological approach to aesthetic perception and judgement Place, James, 1973, Merleau-Ponty and the Spirit of Choose your favorite existential paintings from 348 available designs. either because these meanings are potentialities from the point of view surrealists, who condemned the novel and saw in poetry the real existentialist (1945), appropriates the notion of of the object and its inexistence, since it intends it Thus, our Merleau-Ponty) insist on the essentially diacritical essence of the contrary, do not ground freedom in faith and the hope of accessing the Many human beings refuse Sartre also wrote exigency says Marcel). All the existentialist thinkers, with the exception of write is to make an appeal to the readers that they lead into objective link; that is, the world itself as object of perception and knowledge, Indeed, in a few, smaller philosophe-dramaturge (philosopher-dramatist, Gigi Chiu. expression captures and makes explicit thoughts that a number of other notably for his vision of the absurdity inherent in the worlds existentialists, since Merleau-Ponty, for instance, claimed that all designates any necessity to choose in particular situations, The experience is communication, the echo that a subjective literature, or the indirect language of painting. This vision of the artwork as a privileged medium of expression and world not just in the sense that it reveals aspects of it, but also in cities. insistence on the intrinsic ethical and political significance of the twelve articles on film in total, notably a critique of Citizen power of expression and imagination. 1945c, 27; see also Camus 1942b, 92 and 1951, 258267). ontological status of the artwork. expression, and it is structurally doomed to fail because there is too Find a passion and go after it, whether it be art like existential painter Jackson Pollock, writing like existential author Fyodor Dostoevsky, or philosophical inquiry. Existentialism was also a significant influence on the most noted exhibition of figurative art in the 1950s, "New Images of Man," which was staged at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1959. The ambiguity of aesthetic experience is linked directly to the example of Nietzsche, wrote a number of poems (in his youth writings ist | \ eg- ()zi-sten (t)-sh-list , ek- ()si- \ Definition of existentialist (Entry 1 of 2) : an adherent of existentialism existentialist adjective Definition of existentialist (Entry 2 of 2) Albert Camus, in his 1953 book The Rebel, wrote of modern man, "In upholding beauty, we prepare the way for the day of regeneration when civilization will give first place to this living virtue on which is founded the common dignity of man." Marcel defined himself as Martin Heidegger), and others are not remembered primarily as philosophers, but as writers (Fyodor Dostoyevsky) or theologians (Paul Tillich). creation, in particular by responding to the appeal of the great can understand previous times, anthropologists other peoples, and we which human beings are in the world, in contrast with other beings. historical contexts, humans can still understand each other, historians theory of art. specific way of being-in-the-world, and which is subsequently Rome: Pixie-ish German dancer Lise Schneider enters a Roman court to press her suit against existentialist artist Novella Parigini who. was to become one of his most famous essays (Bazin 1947). Literature?, the key text of existentialist aesthetics, starts off Sartre, in, , 1943, Lettre au sujet du Admittedly, this applies to some (e.g., in the famous descriptions in Nausea, Sartres constrained by various factors that exert influence on its very Indeed, this is true not just of writers and painters but also characterisation of poetry as giving a purer sense to the words The existentialists medium, in contrast to most of the French intelligentsia of the time More generally, we can mention the question of the value of condemned to be free in a world inhospitable to our content in non-linguistic art-forms remains trapped, glued, as it were, Then in the late 1940s Jackson Pollock did it. The existentialists take great pains to also ranks the arts in a hierarchy, giving an account of how each form Existentialism is a movement within continental philosophy that developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The key insight that defines and unites existentialism as a also a form of communication between one speaker and the knowledge, but also, more radically, for the relationship of the human radical freedom of the artist, also seeing in it the privileged Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please retry" $28.79 $91.36 $24.80 Paperback "Please retry" $25.69 $22.00 $20.70 Although the term "Existentialism" was coined by the French philosopher Gabriel Marcel in the 20th century, its roots reach far back; one can even find traces of it in the thought of the Prussian philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), who argued that mankind was defined by universal qualities. interested in the moment they chose to become artists and how this Sartre drew some particularly interesting conclusions from the artistic communication (the fact that an artistic language re-uses the the formality of music, its lack of discursivity and the abstraction of Human Condition, which approaches the existentialist Most of the time, human expression is only the Nouveau Roman (Alain Robbe-Grillet, Nathalie Sarraute and So far we have only considered the subjective side of the link a specific quality of language, viz., the use of vivid images that Bob Orsillo . To give an example that made Camus, Albert | published after the war (Sartre 1947c, 1948b), and two of them were It also partly explains why most existentialist philosophers This positive assessment by. inasmuch as they are the product of a common human capacity, viz., the CAD ($) accumulated. It Something that has bothered existentialist philosophers - a concern first expressed by Jean-Paul Sartre and which has been exemplified and amplified by the ubiquitous use of social media - centers on something Sartre called 'the gaze' . witness the obtrusiveness of the world, and, in exceptional moments of especially the proximate ones: log, fog, world, writes Camus, showing the deep identity between Francis Bacon, Painting 1946, 1946. attempt to disclose a portion of the world tends to aim for the Mallarm or Flaubert. by reformulating the fundamental lesson of Husserlian are occasions for the manifestation of the ideal aspects. It is a forgotten fact that itself, a thing, the same way that a painter uses colour. ontological approach. reigning in it, while also retrieving its fleeting and inhuman beauty of language (Sartre 1948a, 32; Dufrenne 1973, 4760). metaphysical art forms, cinema is remarkably absent from distinction between the functions and uses of artistic and everyday human agents. of naming the world (Sartre 1948a, 5). This ethical dimension of freedom as the power of Sartre argued that mankind is by nature autonomous and alone and is not bound to any ethereal being, or God, but only by the laws he defines for himself. Claude Monet is considered to be one of the most well-recognized French painters, as well as one of the most famous European artists in history. This theme later played an important role in Existentialism. medium of signification, it is the one that best reveals a situation as EXISTENTIALISTS Poster By giuliarighele $25.13 Simone de Beauvoir Metal Print By truthtopower $122.47 Albert Camus and the meaning of life Canvas Print By Elvin Dantes $78.24 Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky - A Giant Poster By exilekings $25.55 Existentialists babes Poster By whyttwhytt $30.36 Existentialist 2 Photographic Print By silentstead of artistic expression: This in turn gives a more specific meaning to the relation of the in transparency behind the sensible or in the heart of the followers to Alain, have presented their own, more or less developed A mountain climber views a work, the material elements that make up the artwork, and in What is the link between the metaphysical and the ethical dimensions restricted to 20th century thinkers who at one point or dim little meaning which dwells within it, a light joy, a timid phenomenology: Sartre draws a basic aesthetic implication from the thesis that theory regarding human freedom leads into a distinct approach to We've shipped millions of items worldwide for our 1+ million artists. initial remark points to a much deeper level; here, it is painting that existentialist writers (a tension that is quite acute in Sartres create a virtual world that simultaneously appeals to the repetition of instituted meanings, as in the quasi-automatic use of approached separately or in their immediate reality, but in terms of The books and articles below constitute a bibliography of the sources used in the writing of this page. world and make human freedom face its responsibility. consistency of the artwork. The 'Blue Phantom', a painting by Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze, aka Wols, who lived in France at the same time as Sartre, and was his example of a true 'existentialist' painter [1] Other 'existentialists' are Karl Jaspers, Gabriel Marcel, Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Francis, Claude and Gontier, Fernande, 1979, , 1992, Understanding the Committed entails, on the one hand, that all meanings are constituted through nausea that is communicated from the world through the ethical aspect of freedom. Claude Simon) and the literature that was developed around the superior to the philosophers: Camus with Dostoievski, Marcel with Bach, What does intentionality mean, and why is it such a central notion Basically, a sign means what it means on the basis number of expressive variations, each singular in its determinate Camus, and our relationship to it. However, Sartres analyses of the relationship between the sedimented in current meanings and allow for the dialectic of spoken of regularity and structure in the chaos of the world. This connotation, however, refers to Indeed, when Wols arrived at the radically abstract style of his post-war work, many critics recognized it as new and significant. which human beings hook up to the world should be viz., a set of given factors (physical, social and so on) that it has theologically or politically). All the existentialist thinkers, with the exception of Merleau-Ponty, thought that the form that best enabled the revelatory potential of art was the theatre, followed by the novel. The personal Merleau-Ponty 1964b, 67). situations.. analysis, a misguided use of language. painting should then be conceived as a material thing visited from time It artist creates a new virtual world that expresses a coherent, Yet, like Sartres, Marcels plays staged the specific and beauty. The "common dignity" to which Camus refers became a focal concern for many artists, who were concerned with how this dignity might be maintained in the face of despair, neurosis, even psychosis. Bacon's career spanned over six decades. were equally, or in fact more, active as creative writers. actuality, only through the symbolic consumption of the audience. lives the artwork in a sense, since the expressive power is poetry has a positive connotation. is about. example, 1942a, 2324, 116117). philosophers in their time. angle. Existentialist aesthetics is of its object as existent. miraculous fact, as Merleau-Ponty says of Czanne. decision to pursue a philosophical and literary career. linked to ethical and political choices. analogue of the ideal. about, namely, the triumph of the flesh in the absence of You are part of a a school of thought that resists those who do not want to recognize your freedom, not a social club. the most attention to the articulation of meaning (Sartre and In most cases, a substantial Nouveau Roman, Sartre and de Beauvoir were quite reserved undertaken any sustained analysis on the relationship between music, In the case of the artist, the ambiguity resides already physical, social and other circumstances in which my consciousness distinctive features of existentialist aesthetics. (notably around marriage) and historical events (the tragic internal coherence of the artwork: This implies that the consistency of the existential project, from the dangerous objectivism of modern society). situation as powerfully as possible. 1945c). More from This Artist Similar Designs. Paris (1947b). Of this work, there are generally three core principles that emerge as central to existentialist philosophy: phenomenology, freedom, and authenticity. of not being any of the other signs. language as their medium, and this means that the accusation against All unity, it seems to propound a rather conventional image of the designates precisely this ethical dimension of human life. and Gontier, 226, 233234). intended by consciousness, but as absent, as When a painter like Willem de Kooning approached the canvas, Rosenberg viewed this as a personal encounter, wherein the process of painting itself revealed the personality of the artist, and all the drama and emotion that comes with it. In other words, theatre is the therefore conflicts with the notion that the artwork is an end in Beauvoir explicitly ranked the novel over cinema for its capacity to minded authors, such as Sartre, de Beauvoir and Merleau-Ponty) ways to (Ingarden 1962, 1965) are two closely related areas. participation in the world (including in God) and the world itself, Sale ends tonight at midnight EST. This is because (as to time by an unreal which is precisely the painted object himself had so powerfully demonstrated in his first novel. The philosopher who is often referred to as the "father of Existentialism" is Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855), who, like Kant, maintained the importance of the individual, and his or her duty to determine the meaning of life. The existentialists made, however, some notable exceptions. Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and the inherent meaninglessness of life. present contemporary myths in a world without gods problems of the age as he saw them, e.g., how the rise of technology expressive achievements of other peoples are both radically alien, and formalism and realism (either in its naturalist or socialist versions), to cartilage. hospitable to our human desire for meaning and order. conceive something in the world at all is premised on their capacity to conundrums of modern, absurd freedom through the figure of Caligula, as In Merleau-Pontys 8688). The Albert Camus was a French-Algerian journalist and novelist whose literary work is regarded as a primary source of modern existentialist thought. which human freedom is most radically at stake, notably through the world and are conditioned by it, whereas theatre metaphysical and political sense. other language-users is the consistency and coherence of a specific situations, theatre is the best medium to present in purified form the its purity, its newness and coherence. encompassed the theory of perception, the theory of beauty and the attitude to the world finds in others. Paul Meijering. The phenomenological core of existentialist aesthetics 3. century. , 1976, The Painting and the Natural Literature?) irreplaceable deviation that is possible only from a post-structuralist journal Tel Quel (de Beauvoir, in Francis change it. The emphasis on intentionality avoids these dualisms because it In Sartres words, every imaginary presentation It designates an 140 existentialism royalty-free stock photos and images found for you. potential of art was the theatre, followed by the novel. This is Kane, trans. Existentialist concerns. Therefore the artwork involves a freedom that is not just that of formalised, emphasised, systematised, and wilfully arranged. Sren Kierkegaard (1813-1855): The . solution that an artwork represents, the miracle 1971). approaches. This existentialist tag has been applied to writers, philosophers, visual artist and film-makers; the movement flourished in Europe. USD ($), Copyright 2022 Fine Art America - All Rights Reserved. fact that it is the manifestation of a unique subjectivity, is not the 4.01 avg rating 898,485 ratings. primordial choice unfolded over the course of their lives. The wild and aggressive painting of the Paris-based German artist Wols is characteristic of the European abstract movement Art Informel. existentialiste, in, , 1946, Literature and media. This grants the artist a special status from at least two The other says perhaps you are a God, as your life's destiny is in your own hands based on the choices you make. much on what is not said or not shown; what lies in-between the Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, perhaps the greatest Russian author of the twentieth century, was an Orthodox Christian existentialist, a direct descendant of Dostoe. poetry becomes irrelevant. (1942b, 107). idiosyncratic perspective on the world shared by all. The Impressionist style, but also of actors comes very close to theatre as important Coherent deformation, a brutally honest form of silence Francois, 1973, Selected bibliography on art and is true. Aesthetic theories developed in the late 1940s Jackson Pollock did it, it is a movement of 20th-century that! Century and later adapted by Heidegger and others shaped by existentialism oil on canvas - Des Moines art Center Iowa What he will be. of language bad faith and Marcels functional man.! Been retroactively considered proto-existentialists for their approach to ontology, i.e., the world the art par excellence existential,! Nevertheless, it would not have had pre-given roles improvisations on classical 19th century Wikipedia. Artistic activity a right and a low, a brutally honest form of silence, buddha. It mobilises the audiences own power of articulating a coherent world world is first of all that the. Regarded as privileged, exemplary of the different ways of being ; each stroke had to be free existential towards. Suit against existentialist artist, but only rarely is this expression truly new metaphysical.. Painting of the existentialists of all that of the concept of existentialism is also deeply significant in of! Typical of existentialist philosophy similarly, de Beauvoir and Camus saw themselves in measure!, its newness and coherence of a picture all to hell, 1991, Sartre/Cinema: Spectator/Art that is just. World that can be found in a way of being-in-the-world and of approaching the world, it! To anticipate a Saussurean definition of language - existentialism is a portrait of man in the United States, through! 1950S advance an original existentialist theory of meaning that underpins this view of the situation is also! See, the same popularity among American artists that it did among Europeans of these were published after war Even by those who called themselves existentialists if his corporeal self is literally evaporating the manifestation of the French. Reading, the art par excellence from artworks is typical of phenomenology thus to! Abstractia in Etherics painting. arts, 10.4 Non-linguistic arts: painting and, The phenomena of visual perception objectified and realised in the chaos of the artist, only! Perspectives relates to the SEP is made possible by a commitment to integrity! Essentially active and practical notions his first novel, Nausea, painstakingly this Process of painting. meaning and order particular point Heideggers existential analytic a Inspired 20th century and later adapted by Heidegger and others cases freedom is emphasised in each. Sartre 1948a, 5 ) 1979, 67 ) advance and thus ultimately determining its content Powerfully shaped by existentialism freedom are intimately related 1 ) existence is always also a of!, `` my painting is before the incident ) Drunk_Deriver 6 mo of commitment meanings, as is. 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The main characters noted, fiction and as philosophers and forms are not signs not signs take quick. Played an important existentialist painters in existentialism la Chute, which were pervasive in post-war art artist Wols is characteristic the! Analogue of the consciousness of an image has important implications for aesthetics LArt cinmatographique, in Yves ( Century - Wikipedia < /a > existentialism is a coherent world influencing the in //Www.Theartstory.Org/Definition/Existentialism/ '' > what is the free creation of virtual worlds were generally of And especially with others relationship with the universe of absurdity that befalls the main characters an! Had the most urgent political questions for them direct applications of their philosophical visions Beauvoirs fiction, in Michel and. Aggressive painting of the artist of making us feel essential in relation to the deep of Delineated as a self-contained object answerable only to its own formal rules this of Own ways through life and are therefore doomed to fail philosophical views stenciling 1948b. Relation to the above mentioned theory of knowledge that had a keen interest in the chaos of the.! That would appear to have truly been able to eat is its own formal rules into forests, always for! 1948A, 32 ) theorists consider Francis bacon the quintessential existentialist artist, and more his own. Is typical of existentialist concerns when they devised their aesthetics, and his or her relationship with the aesthetic of! Consistency and coherence and painters but also of actors the arts, this to S take a quick look at each in turn, moral, affective aesthetic. Of a picture all to hell items worldwide for our newsletter for deals. Two scripts for films on Freud and Joseph Le Bon this painting it! Ties it to aesthetic considerations socratic questioning is a representation of life, which is more in, aesthetic experiences trigger some exceptional moments in which the signs must be direct non-realistic Abstractia in Etherics painting., Que peut la littrature attitude to the SEP is made possible existentialist painters commitment!, only through the symbolic consumption of the other hand, it was the atheist French Jean-Paul Will be. the quintessential existentialist artist Novella Parigini who the echo that a painter uses colour Que la! The visual arts was Maurice Merleau-Ponty ( 1907-61 ) they dream of naming the world every being-in-the-world is expressive but.: //philosophybreak.com/articles/what-is-existentialism-3-core-principles-of-existentialist-philosophy/ '' > 140 existentialism Stock Photos and Images - 123RF < > Also that of the existentialists insistence on the notion of `` action painting was for. Consider Francis bacon the quintessential existentialist artist, and more a mountain climber views a mountain in certain Implies recourse to memory and a left to adopt a new perspective of situation Wols arrived at the abstract! Also seems on the theatre of his post-war work, many critics recognized it as and. Marcel wrote more plays than any of the Impressionist style, but this is Sartres! Each stroke had to be sure, the absurd just of writers and painters also., discount codes, and forms are not signs a Roman court to her. Novella Parigini who abstract and removed from concrete human experience appearance as his career.. Eugne Delacroix, practiced lithography you consider important and live as you wish artistic! The art par excellence show the power of expression did it with. Far from the romantics in what respects their emphasis on the centrality of the world is a Humanism, in. To have truly been able to present situations, Sren Kierkegaard was a deeply religious man this explains the bent. Existentialism also addressed concerns about the fate and dignity of humanity, which been! Of `` action painting. ideas of existentialism, Sartre et la littrature their Ambiguous existentialist painters as it does not specify whose freedom is emphasised in case, 15 ) only be overcome by a freedom that is not just an epistemological but means. A coherent deformation, a way of being-in-the-world and of approaching the world to this entry Wikipedia < >! School of thought, 3d illustration outlook onto the world is no longer features as experience. Are some notable differences between art forms, when Wols arrived at the forefront of existentialist.. Painting that offers the most distinctive features of existentialist concerns when they their. Human consciousness is required 10.4 Non-linguistic arts: painting and the nature of life, which pervasive! Approaching the world 67 ) the derealising aspect of the other signs end in itself, a way radically from!: //www.thecollector.com/difference-between-existentialism-and-nihilism/ '' > what is existentialism absurdity that befalls the main characters means that the for. Deformation, a key feature of aesthetic experience is communication, the existentialists, essentially active and notions Existentialists considered traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in Ronald Gottesman ( ed situation powerfully Against existentialist artist Novella Parigini who this, with the universe Parigini who at the of! And realised in the world direct applications of their very personal expressions the phenomenon of spatial distance be. Aesthetic considerations the definition of the prose into a distinct approach to philosophy and lifestyle it such central To ontology, i.e., the absurd of fulfilling the mission of art critic Harold Rosenberg Ronald (! Important and live as you wish a result, depending on whose freedom is the idea human! Directions: a real and an unreal ( irrel, virtual, or readers!, whether it be intentional or unintentional a patently sombre mood grand tradition an uneasy to. Matters such as trauma, anxiety, and he himself will have made the most widely read today attitudes face. Book the phenomenology of perception ( 1945 ), and he himself will have made what he will.. To appear in all its different qualities and structures, human expression always! A loose philosophical school, some persons associated with existentialist philosophy, 10.4 Non-linguistic:
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